Effect of sex, hunger and relative body size on the use of ripple signals in the interactions among water striders Gerris latiabdominis

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Water striders use ripple signals in aggressive interactions between individuals for access to food. We askedwhether water striders produce ripple signals more frequently when they are hungrier and when the value offood resources is higher. We also asked if and how the use of signals depends on the size difference betweeninteracting individuals. We found that females used ripple signals more often than males did. The experimentsuggested that use of aggressive ripple signals is affected by hunger in females – the sex with high demandsfor food resources. Among females, but not males, we found out that the probability of using signals in responseto the approaching intruder depended both on the degree of hunger and on the size of the focal animal relative tothe size of the intruder. Before starvation, the probability of a female using a signal in an interaction with an intruderwashigherwhen the individual's sizewas larger relative to the intruder. After starvation, the focal individualsweremorelikely to signalwhen their sizewas smaller relative to the intruder. The results are consistentwiththe idea that these signals may reveal information about the signalers weight or hunger level, and specific hypothesesare suggested for the future studies.

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