韓國·英國間 貿易 決定要因의 比較分析硏究 : 貿易結合度 技法을 中心으로 = (An) Analysis of the competitiveness of Trade and commodities in Trade between Korea and United Kingdom

국문 초록 (Abstract)

최근 국제경제질서는 WTO, IMF와 같은 범세계주의와 EU, NAFTA체제와 같은 지역주의로 양분되어 발전되어가고 있다. 아직 확실하게 지역경제협력체로서 보호받지 못하고 있는 한국으로서는 이에 대한 효율적인 대비가 요구된다.
지난 반세기동안 한국은 수출주도형 성장정책으로 교역량면에서 1999년 세계12위를 차지하고 있지만 수출 대상국면에서 미국, 일본에 지나치게 의존하고 있는 바 수출 대상국의 다양화가 절실히 요구되어진다. 이에 한국의 7대 수출 대상국이자 세 번째로 무역수지 흑자규모가 큰 영국과의 교역구조 실태를 주요 상품별로 분석 ,규명하며 이를 바탕으로 수출 확대방향을 제시하고자 한다.
분석방법으로는 국제경쟁력의 측정방법의 하나인 무역결합도 기법을 이용하여 무역결합도 지수, 무역보완도 지수, 무역 편향도 지수를 이용하였다.
본 논문 구성에서 제1장 서론에서는 연구목적을 설명하였으며 제2장에서는 국제 경쟁력의 계량적 분석이론의 개념을 설명하였다. 제3장에서는 한국과 영국의 무역 구조의 실태를 분석하였으며 제4장에서는 한국과 영국과의 교역구조 실태 및 영향요인을 무역결합도, 무역보완도, 무역편향도지수를 비교하였고 또한 이를 근거로 한 무역의 결정요인을 보완적인 요인과 편향적인 요인으로 대분하여 경쟁력 있는 수출 유망품목을 선정, 발굴하고 실효성이 낮은 품목은 정리함으로서 영국시장에 대한 적극적인 수출 확대방향을 논하였다. 제5장 결론에서는 본 논문의 내용에 대한 요약 및 향후 수출구조 개선에 대한 대응책을 제시하였다.
본 논문을 종합하여 보면 한국과 영국, 양국 모두는 제조공산품(SITC5-8)분야에 주요 수출품목이 집중되어 있어 경쟁적인 관계를 나타내고 있는 바 산업내
무역 등을 통한 긴밀한 협조관계를 유지하면서 영국시장을 확대해 나가고 이를 발판으로 EU시장에 대한 수출 확대의 교두보 역할로 삼아야 할 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The international economic order is divided into such globalism as WTO and IMF and such regionalism as EU and NAFTA. England is a member of EU, leading WTO with the United States. England is one of the 7th nations to which Korea exports goods and one of the greatest black-ink nations among EU members in terms of balance of payments, materializing the open-door policy and imposing relatively low tariffs. England accounts for 5.5 percent of the world's imports, serving as the third largest import market following American and Germany. Korea is exporting such strategic products as semiconductors, computers and ships or what not.
On the other hand, Korea has carried out growth policies focusing on export on the basis of high-quality manpower in the midst of lack of capital and technology since the year 1960. As a result, Korea ranked 13th in terms of trade volume as of the end of 2,000. Our export is heavily dependent upon America and Japan. England is likely to be one of the principal market for Korean export.
A survey of the trading structure of Korea and England shows that the two country showed a high rate of import and export growth in the 1990s, and that Korea is too heavily dependent upon America and Japan, and that England relies excessively on the advanced countries of EU. This means that the two countries count much on advanced countries. As far as the exporting-goods structure is concerned, they put much weight on the first products with manufacturing industrial products accounting for more than 90 percent, which means that the two nations' trade lays disproportionate emphasis on manufacturing products.
In the structure of Korea exporting to England, machinery and transportation equipment (SITC 7) account for 75 percent. In the structure of England exporting to Korea, machinery and transportation equipment (SITC 7) account for 40 percent. This implies that the two nations' trade is very active. In case of England exporting to Korea, beverage and tobacco account for 10 percent, which is ascribable to an increase in the consumption of wine.
Next, the researcher made an analysis of the structure of English and Korean exports and imports in terms of trade intensity, trade complement, and trade bias. A look into the factors of determining the flow of trade between the two nations on the basis of SITC unit indicates that the index of trade complement proves to be higher than the index of trade bias and the index of intensity. This means that trade between the two nations relies on trade-complement factors rather than on trade-bias factors. In case of industrial products (SITC 5-8), the degree of Korean export specialty and the degree of English import specialty prove to be higher, having a high degree of complementation.
An analysis of factors determining trade with the use of the index of trade complement and the index of trade bias regarding industrial products (SITC 5 8) by classifying SITC into two unit indicates that 13 items dominate the second group(complementation, non-bias), a typical form of Korean trade with England. It is necessary that the items of this sort should concentrate on strengthening overseas marketing and investment, and on enhancing competitiveness by means of overcoming factors impeding the flow of trade. The analysis shows that these products are exported to England due to the factors complementing the situation of England. Therefore, the researcher would like to make the following suggestions with a view to increasing export on the basis of the structure of Korea exporting to and importing from England.
First, Korea should make an effort to continuously develop technology, to expand R&D investment, to consolidate positive marketing, and for the government to give support in such areas as semiconductors, electricity, electronics, machinery, automobiles, and ships.
Second, now that the English market is characterized by the structure of developed distribution, Korea should construct a variable system by constructing images related to the brands of goods and by establishing the exporting-goods system of small-quantity, various kinds in line with the multiplicity of the individuality of customers' needs.
Third, policies designed to construct a production and sales system based on the joint utilization of producing factors, to expand trade within an industry, and to activate the local investment should be continuously pursued by enhancing the abilities of Korean exports to be adapted to the field.
Fourth, Korea is expected to face serious non-tariff barriers including the consolidation of environment and agreements for standardization pursued by OECD and EU's advanced nations. Korea should prepare thoroughly countermeasures and make an analysis of general agreements in preparation for the accelerated blocs of advanced countries' exclusive regional economy.
In conclusion, England and Korea show similar exporting structure according to the synthetic analysis of the structure of Korea's trade with England. Therefore, Korea should grope for measures to expand Korean strategic imports while maintaining a close cooperative relationship withEngland.
Trade between Korea and England should be expanded with a view to making economic progress based on the consolidation of economic cooperation between the two nations.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 第1章 序論 = 1
• 第1節 硏究目的 = 2
• 第2節 硏究方法 및 範圍 = 3
• 第2章 國際競爭力의 計量分析理論 = 4
• 第1節 貿易結合度技法 = 4
• 1. 貿易結合度指數 = 5
• 2. 貿易補完度指數 = 8
• 3. 貿易偏向度指數 = 10
• 第2節 貿易構造의 決定要因分析 = 11
• 第3章 韓國과 英國의 貿易構造 = 14
• 第1節 韓國, 英國의 貿易構造實態 = 14
• 1. 貿易規模와 變化 = 14
• 2. 主要市場別輸出入動向 = 17
• 3. 主要品目別輸出入動向 = 18
• 第2節 韓國의 對英國貿易構造 = 21
• 1. 韓國의 對英國交易現況 = 21
• 2. 韓國의 對英國貿易構造 = 25
• 第3節 英國의 對韓國貿易構造 = 31
• 1. 英國의 對韓國交易現況 = 31
• 2. 英國의 對韓國貿易構造 = 35
• 第4章 韓國, 英國의 貿易結合度分析 = 41
• 第1節 韓國의 對英國貿易構造決定分析 = 41
• 1. 韓國의 對英國貿易結合度 = 41
• 2. 韓國의 對英國貿易補完度 = 44
• 3. 韓國의 對英國貿易偏向度 = 48
• 第2節 英國의 對韓國貿易構造決定分析 = 51
• 1. 英國의 對韓國貿易結合度 = 51
• 2. 英國의 對韓國貿易補完度 = 54
• 3. 英國의 對韓國貿易偏向度 = 57
• 第3節 韓國과 英國의 貿易決定要因分析 = 60
• 1. 韓國의 對英國貿易構造類型 = 60
• 2. 英國의 對韓國貿易構造類型 = 62
• 3. 韓國과 英國의 貿易決定構造및 輸出擴大方案 = 63
• 第5章 結論 = 66
• 參考文獻 = 69
• ABSTRACT = 71