보편적 학습설계(UDL)를 반영한 디지털 교과서 설계 원리 = Digital Textbook Design Principles Adapting the Universal Design for Learning

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology has launched ``the project of development and implementation of digital textbooks`` in 2007. The digital textbooks for 25 subjects will be developed and implemented in 100 schools by 2011. By 2013, the project plans to disseminate the digital textbooks nationwide through all of the elementary and secondary education schools. It is the common perception that digital textbook and multimedia educational contents have similar characteristics because both of them use multimedia technology as a main instructional resource. However, the digital textbook needs different design principles than those of the multimedia educational contents because it is used in real and various classroom contexts. Therefore, further cognitive and learning research is necessary to investigate systematic, principled ways of the development of digital textbook (e.g., features, cognitive support, interface). At present, since the digital textbook is a fairly new educational field in both domestic and foreign, there are few research or models for the design and development of the digital textbook. Recently, Universial Design for Learning (UDL) gains great attention for one of the promising approaches for the development of the digital textbook. Originally, UDL was developed for helping handicapped students (physically and mentally) in the special education to have them overcome the obstacles for learning standard curriculum that designed for typical students in schools. UDL has been applied to support learning not only for handicapped students but also for those who have difficulties in the traditional school environments. In this paper, we discussed the conceptual framework and theoretical background of UDL, and the design principles of UDL for digital textbook. In the meantime, since UDL was originated from the special education field, its design strategies have limitations for us to develop educational materials for students in regular curriculum schools. Therefore, we reviewed the existing theories and researches related to the instructional design, and adapted them to UDL for proposing systematic, principled guidelines for digital textbook design. We also presented an example to illustrate how these guidelines can enhance an existing digital textbook.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 한국교육학술정보원, "특집: 미래교육을 선도하는 디지털교과서. 2007 교육정보화 백서"

2 정은영, "중등학교 과학과 수준별 교육과정 운영 실태 분석" 한국과학교육학회 26 (26): 155-165, 2006

3 변호승, "전자교과서 프로토타입 개발 연구" 한국교육공학회 22 (22): 217-240, 2006

4 교육인적자원부 보도자료, "디지털교과서 상용화 개발 본격 착수"

5 박성익, "교육방법의 교육공학적 이해(7판)" 교육과학사 2007

6 The Center for Applied Special Technology, "What is universial design for learning?"

7 Petterson,R, "Visuals for information: Research and practice" Educational Technology Pbulications 1989

8 Bremer, C. D, "Universal design: A strategy to support students' access to the general education curriculum"

9 The Access Center, "Universal design to support access to the general education curriculum"

10 The Center for Universal Design, "Universal design principles"

11 Burgstahler,S, "Universal design of instruction(UDIFDS): Definition, principles, guidelines, and examples. Seattle;DO-IT, University of Washington"

12 Bowe,F, "Universal design in education: Teaching non-traditional students"

13 Muller, E, "Universal design for learning: Four state initiatives. Quick Turn Around" ERIC Document Reproduction Service 2003

14 Casper, B, "Universal Design for Learning and the Transition to a More Challenging Academic Curriculum: Making It in Middle School and Beyond. Parent Brief"

15 The Center for Applied Special Technology(CAST), "UDL Editions"

16 Choi,J-I, "The effects of instructional context and reasoning complexity on mathematics problem-solving" 45 (45): 43-55, 1997

17 Rose, D.H, "Teaching Every Student in the Digital Age: Universal Design for Learning, ASCD"

18 National Research Council, "Taking Science to School: Learning and Teaching science in Grades K-8" National Academies Press 2007

19 Pisha, B, "Smart from the start: The promise of universial design for learning" 22 (22): 197-203, 2001

20 Brown, J. S., "Situated cognition and the culture of learning. Educational Researcher" 18 (18): 32-42, 1989

21 Brown, J.S, "Situated cognition and the culture of learning" 18 (18): 32-42, 1989

22 Choi, J-I., "Situated cognition and learning environments: Roles, structures, and implications for design" 43 (43): 53-70, 1995

23 Dalton, B, "Reading to learn: Investigating the effects of three versions of a digital reading environment featuring interactive diagrams and pedagogical agents" 2006

24 Shin, N, "Predictors of Well-Structured and Ill-Structured Problem Solving in an Astronomy Simulation" 40 (40): 7-27, 2003

25 Keller,J.M, "Motivational Design of Instruction in Instructional design theories and models: An overview of their current status" Lawrence Erlbaum Publication 1983

26 Heinich, R, "Instructional media and technologies for learning(7th edition)" Prentice Hall 2002

27 National Research Council, "Inquiry and the National Science Education Standards: A guide for teaching and learning" National Academy Press 2008

28 Brown, A. S, "Guided, cooperative learning and individual knowledge acquisition. In Knowing, learning, and instruction: Essays in honor of Robert Glaser" Erlbaum 393-444, 1989

29 Sandoval, W. A, "Explanation-driven inquiry: integrating conceptual and epistemic scaffolds for scientific inquiry" 88 : 345-372, 2004

30 Burgstahler,S, "Equal access: Universal design of instruction. Seattle;DO-IT, University of Washington"

31 Tuckman,B, "Educational psychology: From theory to application" Harcourt Brace Jovanovich 1991

32 Woolfolk,A, "Educational psychology" Needham Heights: Allyn and Bacon 1993

33 Lim,S.K, "Digital textbooks: Challenges & opportunities" 335-345, 2007

34 Duffy, T.M, "Constructivism: New implications for instructional technology?" 31 (31): 7-12, 1991

35 Collins, A. S, "Cognitive apprenticeship: Making thinking visible" 15 (15): 6-11, 1993

36 Brandt, B.L., "Cognitive apprenticeship approach to helping adults learn" 59 : 67-78, 1993

37 Moore,S.L, "Book review: David H. Rose, Anne Meyer, Teaching every student in the digial age: universal design for learning" 55 : 521-525, 2007

38 Meyer, A., "Beyond access: Universal Design for Learning" 30 (30): 59-61, 2000

39 Osborne, R., "Assumptions about Teaching and Learning. In Learning in Science: The implications of chidren's science" Heinemann Education 1985

40 Orkwis, R, "A curriculum every student can use: Design principles for student access" ERIC/OSEP Topical Brief 1998