노인건강과 영양

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A number of aged-related physiological and biochemical changes and many social, psychological, physical and economic factors can influence nutritional needs, alter dietary intake and the utilijation of nutrients and compromise the nutritional status of the elderly. Therefore, in order to meet the problem of nutrition having a great influence on their health and prolonging we should make the nutrition plan as such: 1. With advancing age, lean body mass, basal metabolic rate and physical activity all decline. This results in a lower expenditure of energy which means that the elderly need to consume fewer Calories to maintain body weight. Some elderly remain very active throughout life, others become comparatively inactive but may retain their earlier patterns of eating and consume more Calories than can be utilized, thus leading to overweight. Obesity is a major problem, and for the elderly it can present an increasing hazard to mobility and increase the tendency to diabets and coronary heart disease. The problem for many of the elderly is to decrease the Calorie stake or quantity food consumed and yet maintain an adequate intake of each of the nutrients. 2. They should take the food which is easy to be digestive considering their digestive and absorbing is much lower than younger. As they have bad tooth, their all food must not impose chewing by cooking all softly. Thus they must be able to take high Calory by small amount. 3. They should escape the salty food. Korean people take 20-30g a day in stead of necessary amount of adult 10-15g a day. It is the very bad habit of korean food life and an urgent problem. The excessive taking of salt causes all kinds of chronic disease and adult disease, so their taking salt of amount must be reduced by 10g a day. 4. They should take fresh fruit, vegetable and seaweeds. As food absorbing rate of the elderly is low and their excretive amount is much, all kinds of vitamin and mineral is easy to be lack to them. They also often have contstipation by diminishing of their mucous secretion. Accordingly they should take enough the fruit, vegetable and seaweeds helping their liquid operation and their excretive operation of motions smoothly, and they also take water and juice. 5. The meat is good for the elderly in order to take the animal protein of good quality, but the excessive intake is rather bad to them. The fish is good for them on account it has much unsaturated fatty acid. It is good for their hearth to eat an egg, an half cake of bean-curd and an half fish a day. 6. It is good for the elderly to take the liver, the treasure of all kinds of nurishment, a week, by using cooking of escaping the small of liver. 7. We should change the recognition that milk is good for only children. It is good food for the health of woman and the elderly as well as that of grown-up. Therefore, it is good to have two cups of milk everyday.