아동학대 행위 중단과정에 관한 질적연구 = A Qualitative Study on the Parents` Desistance from Child Abusive Behaviors

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 아동학대 한 경험을 갖고 있는 부모 또는 양육자들이 어떻게 학대 행위를 중단하게 되며 그 과정에서 어떤 요인들이 영향을 미치며 상호 작용하는지 탐색함으로써 아동학대 행위 중단 과정을 설명하고, 궁극적으로는 아동보호 분야에 적용할 수 있는 실천 지식과 방안을 제공하려는 목적으로 수행되었다. 이러한 연구목적을 위한 중심 질문은 "아동학대 경험을 갖고 있는 부모 또는 양육자가 학대 행위를 중단해 가는 경우, 그 과정에서 어떤 경험을 하는가?"였다. 본 연구 참여자는 아동학대 행동을 중단한 부모 9명이었다. 연구 자료는 연구 참여자 심층개별면접을 통해 수집하였다. 근거이론방법에 의한 분석결과 개방코딩에서는 93개의 개념, 32개의 하위범주, 12개의 범주가 도출되었다. 아동학대 행위 중단과정은 부모 자신의 `통찰`로부터 시작되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 통찰은 부모의 개인적 경험이나 인식의 전환만이 아니라 외부로부터의 자극과 상호작용을 통해 자신을 객관화시키게 되면서 더욱 촉진되었으며 학대 행위 중단의 전 과정을 통해 나타나는 현상이었다. 아동학대 행위에 대한 통찰이 일어나면서 참여자들은 적응적 양육방법을 찾아가게 되는데 이때 중재적 조건인 `사회적 지지 체계의 구축`과 `변화 매개체로서 사회복지 서비스 활용`이 아동학대 행위 중단에 중요한 조건으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 적응적 양육방법으로의 변화 노력의 결과를 통해 자녀, 참여자 자신, 가족관계의 변화를 이끌어내는 성공적 경험이 축적되고 이러한 경험은 참여자의 변화 노력을 지속하게 하는 요인으로 작용하고 있었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was conducted with the aim to explain the process of desistance from child abuse, by exploring how the parents who had abused their children in the past could desist from child abuse and what factors affected the process. The ultimate aim of this study was to provide knowledge and meanings applicable to child welfare practice. The main question of this study was "What experiences did parents have in the process of desisting from child abuse? The participants of the study were 9 parents who desisted from child abusive behavior. The study data were collected through in-depth interviews. At the result of the data analysis using the grounded theory, 93 concepts, 32 sub-categories, and 12 categories were induced in open coding. The process of desistance from child abusive behaviors began with the parent`s `insight.` This insight was facilitated not only by the parent`s personal experience or change of consciousness but also by the outer stimuli and interaction. The insight was through the whole process of desistance from abuse behavior. With the insight, participants looked for an adaptive ways of child rearing. The intervening conditions such as `the using of social welfare service as a change agency` and `the establishment of social support system` were discovered as important conditions to desistance from child abusive behaviors. As the result of endeavors for change to an adaptive child rearing, the successful experiences of changing of the child, participant, and family relationship were accumulated, which became the factor enabling the participant to keep the endeavor. A theory unifying the process and types of desistance from child abusive behaviors were suggested from the study result.

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63 보건복지부, "2008년도 아동ㆍ청소년백서" 보건복지부 2009

64 보건복지부, "2008 전국아동학대현황보고서" 보건복지부 2009