손가락 길이 비율의 심리학적 의미: 태내 테스토스테론의 지표로서의 2D:4D = Psychological Significance of Finger Length Ratio: 2D:4D as a Marker of Prenatal Testosterone

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

It has been known that testosterone in utero is involved in structural and functional organization of the brain and has permanent effects on later behavior. The same hormone that affects early brain development also contributes to the establishment of finger length patterns. 2D:4D is a proxy biomarker of prenatal testosterone level, as low 2D:4D reflects high testosterone relative to estrogen, and a sexually dimorphic trait, as males tend to have lower 2D:4D than females. The aim of this review is to provide the physiological evidence that 2D:4D ratio can be used as a putative biomarker of prenatal testosterone levels and to give supporting evidence. In addition, this study examined the relationships between 2D:4D and sex-hormone-mediated traits (psychological, physical, and behavioral traits). Atypical levels of prenatal testosterone may be the cause of atypical behaviors and can be a possible indicator of a breakdown of developmental homeostatis, which may predispose individuals to certain diseases. 2D:4D was also associated with body shape and size, handgrip strength, and physical prowess. Therefore, 2D:4D is likely to be indirect biological indicator of prenatal testosterone levels that can be used to examine the effects of prenatal testosterone on various behaviors.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

성호르몬은 출생 전 태아의 뇌 발달에 관여하여 그 구조나 기능을 조직화하는 효과가 있고, 출생 후 행동에 영구적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 또한 초기 뇌 발달에 영향을 주는 바로 그 호르몬이 손가락 길이 패턴에도 영향을 미친다. 2D:4D 비율(둘째손가락과 넷째 손가락 길이의 비율, second-to-fourth digit ratio)이 낮을수록, 즉 둘째손가락이 넷째손가락에 비해 짧을수록 태아가 에스트로겐에 비해 상대적으로 높은 테스토스테론 노출되었다는 것을 나타낸다. 또한 2D:4D 비율은 성적이형 특질로서 평균적으로 남성이 여성보다 그 비율이 더 낮다. 본 논문의 연구 목적은 2D:4D 비율이 태내 테스토스테론 수준을 나타내는 간접 생물지표로 사용될 수 있다는 생리적 증거를 제시하고, 이를 뒷받침 하는 여러 연구들을 살펴보는 것이다. 또한 본 논문은 2D:4D 비율과 성호르몬이 매개된 특질들(정신적, 신체적, 그리고 행동적 특질)과의 관계성을 살펴보았다. 한 성 내에서 비전형적인 태내 테스토스테론 수준은 비전형적인 행동 패턴을 발달시킬 수 있고, 태아의 발달적 항상성을 저해하는 요인으로 작용하여 특정 질병에 취약하게 하는 요인이 될 수도 있다는 것을 보여 주었다. 2D:4D 비율은 신체 체형과 크기, 악력, 체력과도 관계가 있었다. 따라서 2D:4D는 인간을 대상으로 여러 다양한 행동에 대한 태내 테스토스테론의 효과를 연구하기에 유용한 간접 생물학적 지표라고 할 수 있다.

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