안동 사문암 지역의 식물상과 생태와 보전 = Composition, Ecology and Conservation of the Andong Serpentine Flora, South Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The ultramafic serpentine area, the small size of 3 ㎢, remains in Andong, South Korea. We researched the ecological flora and its structure through the 12 times field investigations from 2013 till 2018. A total of 527 taxa including the previously recorded species-list was analyzed. Among them, 331 taxa were filed up as a real flora of the serpentine area.
On the vegetation land-cover map describing a characteristic aspect of species distribution, a matrix of the sparse forest by Pinus densiflora and the grassland patches were the main landscape. The study area was acknowledged as a home for the ethnobotanical species and grassland components, and clearly distinctive from the non-serpentine area. The original habitat was too deteriorated by introducing the non-site soils and exotic plants. Conclusionally a designation of a protected area and the long-term ecological monitoring were requested.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

경북 안동에는 초염기성 사문암 지역 약 3 ㎢가 잔존한다.
2013년부터 2018년까지 총12차례의 현장 조사를 통해 지역 식물상과 그 구조에 대한 생태학적 연구가 이루어졌다. 선행 연구의 식물상 목록을 포함하여 총527분류군의 예비적 식물상을 기록하였고, 이로부터 사문암 입지에 대응하는 현존식물상(real flora)으로서 총 331분류군을 규명하였다. 식생피복도 분석으로부터 소나무 듬성숲(sparse forest)과 초원식생의 모자이크상관이 본 연구 지역의 특징적 경관이었다. 연구 대상의 사문암지역은 민족식물학적 식물종 및 초원식생 분자의 주요 거처로서 비사문암지역과의 분명한 차별성이 인정되었다. 서식처의원형은 외지(non-site) 토양의 유입과 이질적인(exotic) 식물종의 도입으로 인하여 심한 질적 쇠퇴가 진행되고 있었다. 결론적으로 국가 차원의 보호지역 지정과 생태학적 장기추적연구의필요성이 대두되었다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 정진현 ; 김춘식 ; 구교상 ; 이충화 ; 원형규 ; 변제경, "한국 산림 토양의 모암별 이화학적 특성" 한국산림과학회 92 (92): 254-262, 2003

2 남기흠 ; 김중현 ; 김영철 ; 김진석 ; 이병윤, "평창, 영월(강원도)의 석회암 지역 식물상" 한국환경생태학회 26 (26): 11-38, 2012

3 이정아 ; 김종원, "잔디-애기자운군집(신칭): 애기자운 최남단 분포 개체군의 군락분류와 군락지리" 한국잔디학회 6 (6): 40-54, 2017

4 유새한 ; 심재국 ; 김정명 ; 차상섭, "안동 사문암지대의 중금속 함유 낙엽의 분해" 한국환경생태학회 24 (24): 426-435, 2010

5 김중현 ; 김선유 ; 정은희 ; 김진석 ; 노태권 ; 배호명 ; 남춘희 ; 이병윤, "안동 사문암지대의 식물다양성" 한국환경생태학회 30 (30): 19-38, 2016

6 성정원 ; 강신구, "세종시 남부일대의 관속식물상 연구" 한국자원식물학회 33 (33): 311-336, 2020

7 김진석 ; 이병천 ; 정재민 ; 박재홍, "석회암지대인 덕항산 (강원)의 관속식물상과 식물지리" 한국식물분류학회 35 (35): 337-364, 2005

8 송재모 ; 손호준 ; 김영설 ; 김세창 ; 이다현 ; 박완근 ; 권순재, "석회암지대 석병산 일대의 관속식물상" 한국자원식물학회 29 (29): 241-263, 2016

9 황승현 ; 이진웅 ; 라은화 ; 안진갑, "백두대간보호지역의 식물상: 덕치-육십령 구간" 한국식물분류학회 50 (50): 56-79, 2020

10 김명현 ; 한민수 ; 강기경 ; 나영은 ; 방혜선, "기후변화에 따른 국내 C_4 식물 목록과 분포 변화:고찰" 한국농림기상학회 13 (13): 123-139, 2011

11 김종원 ; 이승은 ; 이정아, "군위군 화산습지의 식생: 오리나무림을 중심으로" 한국하천호수학회 50 (50): 70-78, 2017

12 정규영 ; 박명순 ; 남보미 ; 홍기남 ; 정형진 ; 유기억 ; 장진, "갈라산(경북 안동시･의성군) 관속식물의 분포" 한국자원식물학회 23 (23): 99-114, 2010

13 Kim, J. W, "Vegetation Ecology" World Science Publisher 1-340, 2004

14 Kim, T. J, "The vegetation of Andong serpentine area" Chung-Ang Univ 1996

15 Proctor, J, "The plant ecology of serpentine: III. The influence of a high magnesium/calcium ratio and high nickel and chromium levels in some British and Swedish serpentine soils" 59 (59): 827-842, 1971

16 Kim J. W, "The floristic regional indicator plants: Ecological paradox of conservation measure for plant species" 66-, 2019

17 Whittaker, R. H, "The ecology of serpentine soils" 35 (35): 258-288, 1954

18 Bradley, R., "The biology of mycorrhiza in the Ericaceae: VIII. The role of mycorrhizal infection in heavy metal resistance" 91 (91): 197-209, 1982

19 Mucina, L., "The Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland, Strelitzia 19" South African National Biodiversity Institute 12-29, 2006

20 Grime, J. P., "The Evolutionary Strategies that Shape Ecosystems" John Wiley & Sons 1-240, 2012

21 Kim, J. W, "The Ecological Flora of Korea. Vol. 2. Grassland Plants" Nature & Ecology 1-816, 2016

22 Kim, J. W, "The Ecological Flora of Korea. Vol. 1. Synanthrophic Plants" Nature & Ecology 1-1199, 2013

23 Kim, S. Y, "Syntaxonomy of subalpine vegetation in Korea" Keimyung Univ. 2012

24 Bae, S. T, "Study on the forest vegetation of serpentine area in Gongju, Chungchongnam-do, Korea" Jeonbuk National Univ 2016

25 Lee, H. S., "Studies on the flora of the vascular plants on Mt. Manroesan and its surrounding regions" 16 : 55-89, 2002

26 Lee, H. S, "Studies on the characters of soil and flora on limestone area, Danyang" Seowon Univ 5 : 67-80, 1991

27 Korea National Arboretum(KNA), "Standard Checklist of Cultivated Plants in Korea" KNA 1-510, 2016

28 Lee, J. S., "Soil chemical properties of natural Rhododendron habitats and content of foliar inorganic nutrient of Rhododendrons growing in the natural habitats" 57 (57): 141-149, 1998

29 Brooks, R. R., "Serpentine and Its Vegetation : A Multidisciplinary Approach" Dioscorides Press 1-454, 1987

30 Alexander, E. B., "Serpentine Geoecology of Western North America: Geology, Soils, and Vegetation" Oxford University Press 1-512, 2007

31 Nakai, T, "Report on the Vegetation of the Island Ooryongto or Dagelet Island, Corea" The Government of Chōsen 1-87, 1919

32 McGill, B. J., "Rebuilding community ecology from functional traits" 21 (21): 178-185, 2006

33 Honnay, O., "Prolonged clonal growth: Escape route or route to extinction?" 108 (108): 427-432, 2005

34 Doust, L. L, "Population dynamics and local specialization in a clonal perennial (Ranunculus repens): I. The dynamics of ramets in contrasting habitats" 69 (69): 743-755, 1981

35 Fernández, S., "Plant heavy metal concentrations and soil biological properties in agricultural serpentine soils" 30 (30): 1867-1884, 1999

36 Hidalgo-Triana, N., "Plant functional traits and groups in a Californian serpentine chaparral" 33 (33): 525-535, 2018

37 Diaz, S., "Plant functional traits and environmental filters at a regional scale" 9 (9): 113-122, 1998

38 Stoughton, J. A., "Persistent impacts of trace metals from mining on floodplain grass communities along Soda Butte Creek, Yellowstone National Park" 25 (25): 305-320, 2000

39 Park, S. H, "New Illustrations and Photographs of Naturalized Plants of Korea" Ilchokak 1-575, 2009

40 Main, J. L, "Magnesium and calcium nutrition of a serpentine endemic grass" 105 (105): 196-199, 1981

41 Harrison, S, "Local and regional diversity in a patchy landscape: Native, alien, and endemic herbs on serpentine" 80 (80): 70-80, 1999

42 Wright, J. W., "Local adaptations to serpentine and non-serpentine soils in Collinsia sparsiflora" 8 : 1-21, 2006

43 Lee, W. T, "Lineamenta Florae Koreae I" Academy Book 1-624, 1996

44 Violle, C., "Let the concept of trait be functional!" 116 (116): 882-892, 2007

45 Korea National Arboretum (KNA), "Korean Plant Names Index"

46 Kruckeberg, A. R, "Intraspecific variability in the response of certain native plant species to serpentine soil" 38 (38): 408-419, 1951

47 Wilson, J., "Infiltration invasion" 3 : 379-382, 1989

48 Korea National Arboretum(KNA), "Illustrated Pteridophyta of Korea" KNA 1-547, 2008

49 Korea National Arboretum(KNA), "Illustrated Grasses of Korea" KNA 1-600, 2011

50 Korea National Arboretum(KNA), "Illustrated Cyperaceae of Korea" KNA 1-609, 2016

51 Google Maps, "Gisan-ri, Pungcheon-myeon, Andong, Korea"

52 Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), "Geological Map"

53 Hwang, J.Y, "Genesis and mineralogy of the serpentinite deposits in the Andong area" 26 (26): 1-10, 1993

54 National Institute of Biological Resources(NIBR), "Flora of Biodiversity Hot-spot in Korea (IV)" NIBR 59-106, 2015

55 Brady, K. U., "Evolutionary ecology of plant adaptation to serpentine soils" 36 : 243-266, 2005

56 Bilz, M., "European Red List of Vascular Plants" Publications Office of the European Union 1-130, 2011

57 Kruckeberg, A. R, "Ecotypic response to ultramafic soils by some plant species of northwestern United States" 19 (19): 133-151, 1967

58 Ryu, T. B, "Ecological classification of naturalized plant species in South Korea" Keimyung Univ 2012

59 Stevanović, V., "Distribution of the endemic Balkan flora on serpentine I : obligate serpentine endemics" 242 : 149-170, 2003

60 Lee, T. B, "Coloured Flora of Korea. Vol. II" Hyangmounsa 1-914, 2003

61 Lee, T. B, "Coloured Flora of Korea. Vol. I" Hyangmounsa 1-901, 2003

62 Eom, B. C., "Climatically potential natural vegetation and phytoclimatic map of Korea" Keimyung Univ. 2019

63 Kim, J. H., "Classification of calcicoles and calcifuges on the basis of the ratio of soluble to insoluble Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the leaves" 15 (15): 311-328, 1992

64 Kim, J. W., "Classification and Assessment of Plant Communities" World Science Publisher 1-240, 2006

65 Hwang, J. Y, "Character and application of serpentine" 15 (15): 48-54, 2002

66 Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), "Automatic Weather Station"

67 Kim, C. H, "Assessment of natural environment: 1. Selection of plant taxa" 18 (18): 163-198, 2000

68 Kim J. W, "Application and assessment of National Vegetation Naturalness" National Institute of Environmental Research 81-172, 2012

69 Tilman, D., "An experimental study of the effects of pH and nitrogen on grassland vegetation" 12 (12): 427-441, 1991

70 World Flora Online (WFO), "An Online Flora of All Known Plants"

71 National Geographic Information Institute (NGII), "Aerial Photograph"

72 Kim, W. B, "A study on the flora of serpentine area in Andong" 4 : 175-188, 1999

73 McNeely, J. A., "A Global Strategy on Invasive Alien Species" IUCN Gland 1-50, 2001

74 Environmental Systems Research Institute(ESRI), "2005. Arc- GIS Software. Version 9.1" ESRI 2005