미국의 대안적 아동보호체계로써의 차등적 대응에 관한 고찰 = A Study on Differential Response as an Alternative Child Protection System in the U.S.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The current study aims to introduce differential response (DR), an alternative child protection system (CPS) in the U.S., and discuss implications for the Korean CPS. More specifically, the study describes the background, core elements, strengths and weaknesses of DR. DR is differentiated from the traditional CPS approach in that it provides multiple responses—a family assessment response and an investigative response—to those reported to CPS. A family assessment response provides services to address family needs and aims to strengthen and support families. DR strengthens family-centered practice and collaboration with community organizations. It also emphasizes the public health approach for CPS over the criminal justice approach, which was highlighted in the traditional CPS. DR provides families with more individualized and customized interventions and more services. However, DR does not appear to drastically reduce the workload for caseworkers and its implementation often requires financial resources. Recent legislation regarding child maltreatment strengthened the criminal justice approach in the Korean CPS, but the history of CPS in the U.S. teaches the importance of preventive and public health approaches to improve children’s well-being.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 차등적 대응의 등장배경과 핵심요소, 성과 및 한계를 소개하고 한국 아동보호체계에 대한 시사점을 논의한다. 차등적 대응은 미국의 전통적 아동보호체계의 대안적 접근으로 신고 및 접수된 사례에 대하여 전통적인 현장조사 대응 외에도 가족사정 대응을 제공한다. 가족사정 대응은 주로 저위험군 및 중위험군 가족들에게 제공되며 현장조사 대응에서 수행되는 학대발생 증거 수집, 사례판정이나 학대행위자 규명대신 가족의 필요 사정과 가족기능 강화를 위한 서비스 제공 및 개입으로 이루어진다. 차등적 대응은 가족중심적 실천과 지역사회 복지기관과의 연계를 강화하며, 보다 근본적으로는 아동보호체계의 공중보건적 접근을 강조한다. 개별 가족의 특성에 따른 접근과 서비스 전달 등의 성과를 이룬 차등적 대응은 재원 및 인력 문제에서 한계를 보여주기도 한다. 아동학대 특례법을 통해 형사사법적 접근을 강화한 한국의 아동보호체계에 대해 차등적 대응이 주는 시사점에 대해 논의한다.

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