한국계 미국인에게 교육출세론의 의미: 결사적 동기로서 역설적 신화 = Getting-ahead through education as an obsessive dream to Korean Americans

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Korean Americans have successfully attained grade, test score, college admission and graduation. And they do their business well without making any trouble. Therefore they are glorified as ‘model minority.’ However, they have not been able to translate their academic achievement into equivalent occupational prestige and earnings. American labor market is segmented by race and ethnicity. Taking unfriendly circumstances into consideration, Korean American parents have pushed their children to get ahead through excellent educational achievement. The parents have channeled their children’s life course to get some prestigious jobs. Therefore, their children cannot plan their own future and seem to be a scapegoat of symbolic violence. Unfortunately, the children do not have any sound alternatives which are necessary to assert their own rights for designing future.
Because impressively-achieved Korean economic growth and social development have greatly raised the citizens’ standard of living, Korean Americans cannot set their living standard off to the advantage. Korean Americans’ situation is turning urgently if they want to show their successful American life, which has been necessary to keep their pride and elated face. Nowadays early study abroad has boomed in Korean society. Many young Koreans are coming to the United States to study with affluent financial capital and cultural capital. Their conduct makes Korean Americans upset. Korean American parents and children should compete with American Whites, Blacks, Spanishes, other Asians, Koreans staying for early study abroad in the United States, and Koreans in Korea. This kind of situation urges Korean Americans to obsess over getting-ahead through education.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

한국계 미국인들은 ‘모범 소수민족’으로 부추겨지고 있지만 인종과 민족에 의한 차별을 피할 수는 없다. 이들은 높은 학력과 성취동기를 가지고 미국으로 이주했지만 구조적 불평등을 극복하는 데 한계를 느낀다. 그렇지만 이들은 개인적 자존심과 민족적 우월감을 고수하면서 자녀들의 교육과 출세에 몰입한다. 이들은 자녀들에게 탁월한 교육적 성취를 통해 재산과 명예가 보장되는 직업을 갖도록 촉구한다. 이러한 과정에서 교육과 출세는 인과적으로 연결된 철칙처럼 강조된다. 한국계 부모들의 자녀교육열을 더욱 가열시키는 조건들이 최근 추가되고 있다. 압축적 경제 성장으로 한국 국민들의 생애기회가 아주 높아짐에 따라 미국 시민으로서의 생활이 더 이상 돋보일 수 없게 되었다. 여기에 더하여 미국에서의 학력과 학벌을 쉽게 획득하려는 조기유학이 성행하면서 희생과 헌신을 바탕으로 하는 한국계 미국인 부모들의 자녀교육열이 빛을 잃어가고 있다. 한국계 미국인 부모들은 (1) 흑인들과 히스패닉계를 제치고 백인들을 따라잡기 위해, (2) 아시아계 소수민족들을 따돌리기 위해, (3) 조기유학으로 미국의 학력과 학벌을 쉽게 취득하려는 한국인들과 차별화되기 위해, (4) 한국에 거주하는 친·인척들과 친구들에게 체면이 구겨지지 않기 위해 자녀교육에 더욱 몰입하고 있다. 이 때문에 그 자녀들도 결사적 동기를 가지고 교육출세론이라는 구속과 자유가 동반된 역설적 신화를 쫒고 있다.

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