생각하는 과학 프로그램의 변인활동이 초등학생의 변인통제 능력에 미치는 효과 = Effects of the Variable Activities in the Thinking Science Program on the Ability of Variable - Controlling of Elementary School Students

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This is one of the basic research for inspecting the possibility of the development of logical thinking capability to make possible formal thinking. The 5th grade students (n=306) in the elementary school were participated in this study. Performing the 6 variable-controlling activities in the `Thinking Science` program for one semester, the SRT Ⅱ test and the Variable-Controlling test were operated to examine the effects on the development of the variable-controlling ability by treatments, gender, and cognitive levels. Performing of the variable-controlling activities was highly successive on the development of students` variable-controlling ability. Although learning effect on the ability of identifying causal variable was moderate, the abilities of controlling experimental condition, measurement of variable, and identifying result variable were significantly developed. There was statistically significant difference by gender. Girls showed better performance all the time in both groups. Boys in the experimental group were getting better gradually, so the difference by gender was somewhat decreased. Examining the variable-controlling ability by cognitive levels, students in the experimental group show significant increase in all levels, especially the students in early, mid, and mature concrete level show substantial learning effects. The results of this study implied that the variable-controlling activities in the `Thinking Science` could be effective for learning of variable-controlling and eventually for the development of logical thinking capability to make possible formal thinking.