아동기 공격성과 청소년 폭력의 연속성에 영향을 미치는 또래․학교 영역의 위험 및 보호요인에 관한 연구 = Peer and School Influences Contributing to the Progression from Childhood Aggression to Youth Violence

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study seeks to investigate whether risk and protective factors in peer and school domains can predict the likelihood of youth violence and whether exposure to these risk and protective social influences during early adolescence moderates the effects of childhood aggression on later youth violent behavior. The analysis sample of 893 adolescents (boys= 480, girls= 413) are interviewed annually from elementary through high school. Two sets of latent growth mixture modeling are used to specify distinct trajectory classes corresponding to students following different pathways of childhood aggression and youth violence. Multinomial logistic regression is employed to identify whether peer and school risk and protective factors directly and interactively predict violence trajectory class membership. Analyses identifies three trajectories for both childhood aggression and youth violence. In both cases these classes corresponded to low, moderate, or high levels of aggression or violence, after controlling for gender, low income, race, and intervention conditions. Risk and protective factors in peers and school directly predicted the likelihood of being in moderate and high violence classes after accounting for childhood aggression. Only one protective factor, after-school activities, shows a significant moderating effect on the association between childhood aggression and youth violence. Continuity of aggressive behavior across childhood and adolescence and associated risk and protective factors are discussed as are the implications for the prevention of youth violence.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 아동기의 공격성과 청소년기 폭력성 변화에 따라 구분되는 잠재계층의 수와 그 모양을 파악하고, 연속선 상에 있는 두 행동의 상관관계를 이해하며, 또래와 학교의 위험 및 보호요인이 아동기 공격성과 청소년 폭력의 관계를 조절하는지 설명하는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 미국 시애틀에서 수행된 Raising Healthy Children 종단연구의 자료(초등학교 2학년~고등학교 3학년)를 잠재성장혼합모형을 사용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 공격성과 폭력성 모두 변화 형태에 따라 저수준 집단, 중간수준 집단, 그리고 고수준 집단의 3개 잠재성장계층으로 구분되었다. 아동기에 공격성을 보였던 아동의 약 60%가 청소년기에는 더 이상 폭력성향을 보이지 않는 것으로 나타나 전반적으로 두 행동의 관계는 연속성 보다는 비연속적인 특성을 보였다. 긍정적인 또래관계, 학업성취도, 학업에 대한 충실도, 학교에 대한 애착, 학교생활에 대한 교사의 인정, 그리고 방과 후 활동은 아동기 공격성의 영향력을 통제한 후에도 유의미하게 폭력의 수준에 따른 집단 간 차이를 예측하였다. 특히 방과 후 활동은 공격성과 폭력성의 관계를 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 및 제언에서는 청소년 폭력 예방을 위한 프로그램 개발에 있어 긍정적 또래와 학교 환경의 역할을 제안하였다.

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