지하수소저장: 고압수소, 액체수소, 암모니아의 비교 = Underground Hydrogen Storage: Comparison of High-pressure Hydrogen, Liquid Hydrogen, and Ammonia

국문 초록 (Abstract)

불규칙하게 생산되는 재생 에너지의 효과적인 저장을 위한 대안 중 하나가 바로 수소 에너지이다. 수소 기반 사회의 실현을 위해, 수소의 친환경적인 생산 뿐 만 아니라 효과적인 저장은 매우 중요하다. 지하 수소 저장 기술은 천연가스를 지하에 저장하는 기술에서 발전된 기술로서, 폐유가스전, 암염돔, 대수층, 암반공동을 포함한다. 지하 저장 시 수소는 고압 기체 수소, 액화 수소, 그리고 암모니아로 변환된다. 액화수소는 극저온의 저장 온도를 요구하고, 암모니아는 독성 물질로 별도의 취급을 요구하며, 변환 과정에서 에너지 손실이 발생한다. 이를 보완하기 위해, 액화 수소는 다층 단열재 기술과 같은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 암모니아는 분리막 반응기를 개발해 고순도 수소 추출에 성공했다. 암모니아 독성은 누출 감지 및 차단 설비를 강화한다면 사고를 예방할 수 있다. 이 중, 경제성과 환경, 상용화 측면에서 암모니아가 지하 저장에 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

One of the alternatives for effective storage of irregularly produced renewable energy is hydrogen energy. In order to realize a hydrogen-based society, not only environmentally friendly production of hydrogen but also effective storage is very important. Underground hydrogen storage technology is a technology that has evolved from the technology for storing natural gas underground, and includes waste gas fields, salt domes, aquifers, and rock cavities. When stored underground, hydrogen is converted into high-pressure gaseous hydrogen, liquefied hydrogen, and ammonia. Liquefied hydrogen requires extremely low storage temperatures, and ammonia is a toxic substance that requires separate handling, and energy loss occurs during the conversion process. To compensate for this, research on liquefied hydrogen, such as multilayer insulation technology, is being conducted. Ammonia has successfully extracted high-purity hydrogen by developing a membrane reactor. Ammonia toxicity can be prevented by strengthening leak detection and blocking facilities. Among these, ammonia was found to be the most suitable for underground storage in terms of economic feasibility, environment, and commercialization.

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