제주산 우뭇가사리(Gelidium amansii )로부터 DMSO 추출과 EDTA 수세법에 의한 상용화 아가로스 제조 = Preparation of Commercial Agarose from Jeju Seaweed, Gelidium amansii using DMSO Extraction and EDTA Washing

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Agar was prepared from Gelidium amansii collected from Jeju Island, South Korea. This agar preparation has high gel strength and low sulfate content compared with G. amansii agar from Morocco. Accordingly, agarose was made from the Jeju agar through the consecutive refining processes of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction and ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) washing. The physicochemical properties of the resulting agarose were compared with those from agarose prepared using only DMSO extraction. Consecutive DMSO extraction and EDTA washing more strongly affected the physicochemical properties of the agarose (purified agarose) compared with the use of DMSO extraction alone. These properties were similar to those of commercial agarose used for electrophoresis.
In DNA electrophoresis, the separation and movement speed of the purified agarose were similar to those of the commercial agarose. In a ^(13)C NMR analysis, the purified agarose exhibited the same carbon peak as the commercial agarose. When observed under scanning electron microscopy, the agar had an even and smooth surface without irregularities or pores, and the purified agarose had a wide surface area with a large number of pores; the commercial agarose had an irregular surface that would allow the solvent to easily permeate. These results illustrate that the physicochemical properties of agarose prepared from DMSO extraction and EDTA washing were more effective than those observed after DMSO extraction alone; thus, these processes used in succession will be useful in agarose industries.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Mollet JC, "Yield, chemical composition and gel strength of agarocolloids of Gracilaria gracilis , Gracilariopsis longissima and the newly reported Gracilaria cf. vermiculophylla from Roscoff (Brittany, France)" 10 : 59-66, 1998

2 Armisen R, "World-wide use and importance of Gracilaria" 7 : 231-243, 1995

3 Azhitskii GY, "Use of ammonium sulfate to first eliminate agaropectin and then precipitate agarose" 3 : 143-145, 1967

4 Duckworth M, "The structure of agar. Part I. Fractionation of a complex mixture of polysaccharides" 16 : 189-197, 1971

5 Guiseley KB, "The relationship between methoxyl content and gelling temperature of agarose" 13 : 247-256, 1970

6 Fuse T, "The properties of agarose and agaropectin solution isolated by sodium iodide" 70 : 724-728, 1967

7 Arnot S, "The agarose double helix and its function in agarose gel structure" 90 : 269-284, 1974

8 Suzuki H, "The Effect of Apparent Molecular Weigh and Components of Agar on Gel Formation" 7 : 280-284, 2001

9 Yoon HS, "Studies on the composition of agarose and agaropectin in agar-agar. (2) Seasonal Variation in the composition of agarose and agaropectin in agar prepared from Gellidium amansii" 18 : 37-43, 1985

10 Araki C, "Studies on the chemical constitution of agar-agar" 33 : 597-600, 1960

11 Fuse T, "Some properties of agarose and agaropectin isolated from various mucilaginous substances of red seaweeds" 35 : 799-804, 1971

12 Tagawa S, "Separation of agar-agar by dimethyl sulfoxide into agarose and agaropectin" 14 : 165-171, 1966

13 Armisen R, "Production, properties and uses of agar. In: Production and Utilisation of Products from Commercial Seaweeds" 1-57, 1987

14 Do JR, "Preparation of agarose from Gelidium amansii for gel electrophoresis using various purification methods and its resolution characteristics for DNA" 31 : 110-114, 1999

15 Kim DS, "Pilot-scale preparation and physicochemical characteristics of microbiological agar from Gelidium amansii in Korea" 33 : 70-74, 2000

16 Glickman SA, "Physical chemistry of agar. Part Ⅱ. Theory and practice of agar fractionation" 16 : 281-286, 1957

17 Praiboon J, "Physical and chemical characterization of agar polysaccharides extracted from the Thai and Japanese species of Gracilaria" 32 : 1513-1874, 2006

18 Allan GC, "Marine polymers. Part I. A new procedure for the fractionation of agar" 17 : 234-236, 1971

19 Gamini A, "Hydrogen-bonding and conformation of agarose in methyl sulfoxide and aqueous solutions investigated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy" 304 : 293-302, 1997

20 Corongiu G, "Hydration of agarose double helix: a Montecarlo simulation" 10 : 227-291, 1983

21 Kang HI, "Fluid properties and Quality of agar solution from cheju seaweed, Gellidium amansii" 29 : 716-721, 1985

22 Do JR, "Extraction and purification of agar from Gelidium amansii" 30 : 423-427, 1997

23 Kim HG, "Comparison of Thermal properties and surface structures of unmodified, spray-dried, and extrusion-dried agar" 10 : 234-240, 1997

24 Tagawa S, "Chemical studies on manufacture of agaragar" 17 : 83-86, 1968

25 Murano E, "Chemical structure and quality of agars from Gracilaria" 7 : 245-254, 1995

26 전유진, "Characterization of Algarose Product from Agar Using DMSO" 한국조류학회I 20 (20): 61-67, 2005

27 Korean Fisheries Society, "Annual Statistics of Fisheries. Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Korea Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries" 2006

28 Zabin B, "Agarose use of DEAE cellulose to remove the anionic polysaccharides from agar. U.S Patent 3, 423, 396"

29 Araki C, "Acetylation of agar like substance of Gelidium amansii" 58 : 1338-1350, 1937

30 Patil NB, "A simple procedure for the preparation of agarose for gel electrophoresis" 10 : 160-163, 1973

31 Baterling SJ, "A simple method for the preparation of agarose" 15 : 1002-1005, 1969

32 Dodgson KS, "A note on the determination of the ester sulphate content of sulphated polysaccharides" 84 : 106-110, 1962

33 Hjerten S, "A new method for preparation of agarose for gel electrophoresis" 62 : 445-449, 1962

34 Izumi K, "A new method for fractionation of agar" 34 : 1739-1740, 1970

35 Russell B, "A method of preparing agarose" 86 : 169-174, 1964

36 Guiseley KB, "A further fractionation of agarose" 261 : 505-511, 1993