The Evolution of the Extended Order

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

What are the origins of human socialities? How did the abstract society come into existence, and what keeps an open society open? The main part of this essay is devorted to Friedrich von Hayek's theory of the rise of civilization, which is based upon "the twin ideas of evolution and of the spontaneous formation of an order." Before addressing Hayek's theory biological and cultural evolution are compared by an investigation of how animal socialities evolve, which constitute a protoform of human social order. After outlining Hayek's theory of the emergence and the functioning of the unplanned society and the market order, I shall reflect on the political implications of the theory and on the problem of the comparative evaluation of types of institutional arrangements.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. Introductory Remarks
• 2. Biological Evolution Has Developed Two Routes to Sociality That Go Beyond Kin Selection and Structured Demes
• 2.1 The Semisociality Achieved by Nonhuman Primates : Chimpanzee Politics
• 2.2 The Social Insects' Route to Ultrasociality
• 3. Cultural Evolution : The Human Route to Ultrasociality
• 3.1 Spontaneous Order As the Prime Motor of Cultural Evolution
• 3.2 The Norm System That Is Fitted to the Hunter-Gatherer Group and the Tribal Horde, to Groups with Small and Relatively Stable Populations
• 3.3 From the Tribal Horde to the Anonymous Society Governed by Abstract Rules
• 3.4 Evaluating Social Patterns
• NOTES
• REFERENCES