보건의료관련 학과에서 환자안전 교육에 대한 고찰 = Review on Patient Safety Education for Undergraduate/pre-registration Curricula in Health Professions

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objective : It is essential for students in the health care professional discipline to get enough education on patient safety regarding its concept, knowledge, and skills, as they are soon to work with patients upon completing graduation. We sought to systematically review the existing literature on patient safety programs in undergraduate and pre-registration courses, and also to provide evidence for future direction in developing school based curricula for health care professionals in South Korea.
Methods : Various online databases were systematically reviewed from January 2001 to April 2016 which included 6 international DB sources (Ovid-Medline, Ovid-EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane, ERIC, and Academic Search Premier) and 5 Korean DB sources (KoreaMed, KMbase, KISS, RISS, KisTi), with keywords of “patient safety” AND “educational, medical” or “educational, nursing” or “educational, dental” or “educational, pharmacy” AND “curriculum management”. For review, 25 papers were finally selected from the initial group of 12,561. Among the final 25 papers selected, 10 were from medical education, 7 were from the nursing area, 1 was from pharmacy education, and the remaining 7 papers were interdisciplinary.
Results : We categorized the patient safety programs into methods, contents, and evaluation. Methods varied including lectures, small group discussions, role plays, simulations, and problem based learning(PBL). Contents were also varied including knowledge, medical error theory, root cause analysis, case studies, collaboration, and communication, etc. Evaluation was usually conducted by pre-post surveys, in which the improvement in knowledge and attitude of students on patient safety issues through the education was revealed.
Conclusion : Our review suggests that we should identify the current status of patient safety courses and develop a national framework for undergraduate/pre-registration programs in South Korea, especially through an inter-professional team work approach.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

연구목적 : 졸업 후 환자를 바로 접하게 되는 보건의료 전공 학생들은 환자안전에 대한 올바른 개념과 지식 및 기술을 습득할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 국내·외 보건의료인 교육과정 내 환자안전 교육에 대한 선행연구들을 검토하여 향후 국내 보건의료전문직 관련 학과의 환자안전 교육과정을 개발하는데 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다.
연구방법 : 2000년 이후부터 2016년 4월까지 영어 검색용어는 “patient safety” AND “educational, medical” or “educational, nursing” or “educational, dental” or “educational, pharmacy” AND “curriculum management”, 국문 검색용어는 “환자안전” AND “의학 교육” 또는 “간호학 교육” 또는 “치의학교육” 또는 “약학교육” 등으로 6개의 국외 및 5개의 국내 전자 문헌 database를 이용하여 체계적 문헌검색을 실시하였다. 검색된 총 12,561건의 논문이 가운데 1, 2차 문헌 선택/배제를 통해 본 연구 목적에 적합한 25개의 문헌이 최종적으로 선택되었다. 25건 가운데 10건이 의학, 7건이 간호학, 1건이 약학이고, 이외에 보건의료전문직 간 공동 교육프로그램은 7건이었다.
연구결과 : 문헌검토 결과, 교과과정 내 환자안전 교육방법은 강의, 소그룹토의, 역할극, 시뮬레이션, 문제기반학습 등 다양함을 알 수 있었으며, 교육내용도 환자안전에 대한 지식, 근본오류분석, 환자안전 사례, 팀협력, 의사소통 등 각 실시기관별로 차이가 있었다. 교육에 대한 평가는 주로 교육프로그램 실시 전과 후에 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 대부분 교육 후 학생들의 환자안전에 대한 지식, 태도 등이 향상되었음을 보고하였다.
결론 : 국내 보건의료 관련 학과의 환자안전 교육 과정 운영을 위해 우선적으로 실시 현황에 관한 조사가 필요하다. 다음으로 다학제적 접근으로 전공별 특성을 고려한 효과적인 방법, 필수적 교육 내용, 평가 방법 등을 포함하는 체계적인 환자안전 교육과정 개발이 필요하다.

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