Social animals prefer socially connected state and consume considerable energy to maintain the social bonds. To study social connections, many researchers have used the concept of social pain. Disconnection of social bond, which is social isolation, i...
Social animals prefer socially connected state and consume considerable energy to maintain the social bonds. To study social connections, many researchers have used the concept of social pain. Disconnection of social bond, which is social isolation, is one type of social pain (Eisenberger, 2012). When socially isolated, a strong motivation to seek social interactions occur in humans (Baumeister and Leary, 1995) as well as in rodents (Matthews et al., 2016). Numerous social isolation studies have been performed by modulating the duration of isolation in accordance with the objectives, from as short as one day to as long as several months (Matthews et al., 2016; Zelikowsky et al., 2018). It is observed that sociability itself shows a sex-dependent phenotype (Borland et al., 2019; Brancato et al., 2017), which the sexual dimorphism is also detected in the isolated mice (Oliver et al., 2020). In human studies, it is reported that social isolation affects men and women differently (McLean et al., 2011; Vandervoort, 2000). Even though numerous researches have observed the sexual dimorphism in sociability, the underlying mechanism of “why and how” still remains largely unclear. Moreover, it is not investigated about the circuit-specific and synapse-specific perspective on how sociability is differently modulated by isolation in sex dependent manner.
The dopamine system in the brain is known to be related with reward, including rewards linked with sociability (Gunaydin et al., 2014). Extensive studies on the function of ventral tegmental area (VTA), a traditional brain region in the mesolimbic dopamine system, is being researched. Recently, the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), which is a distinct brain region containing the dopaminergic neurons, is receiving attention for the independent role of dopamine neurons (Lin et al., 2020; Matthews et al., 2016). However, the role of DRN dopaminergic neuron (DRNTH) on circuit level and the consequences on sex-specific sociability remain largely unknown.
I observed that only the male mice showed increased sociability after 24 hours of social isolation. Using optogenetics and chemogenetics combined with immediate early gene (IEG)-based tagging system, I further manipulated the total population and the isolation-activated neuronal ensembles of DRNTH and NAc shell (NAcsh) and modulated isolation-induced sociability. I also found that synaptic strengthening between the isolation-activated neurons in DRNTH and NAcsh has occurred and this strengthening is needed for sociability increase. These findings will provide information on how isolation-induced sociability changes are modulated from synaptic level in sexual dimorphic way.