Archaeozoological analysis of the fortified settlement of sand (10th century AD, Lower Austria) : early Medieval faunal remains from Sand an der Thaya

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• List of Figures = ix
• List of Tables = xii
• Abstract = xiii
• Chapter 1. Introduction = 1
• 1.1 Archaeozoology = 1
• 1.2 The site of Sand and its archaeozoological context = 2
• 1.3 Research questions and structure = 2
• Chapter 2. Site and Material = 5
• 2.1 Site = 5
• 2.1.1 Location = 5
• 2.1.2 Environmental setting = 5
• 2.1.3 Archaeological research and interpretation = 6
• 2.1.4 Archaeozoology of Sand : previous investigations and state of research = 9
• 2.1.5 Historical context = 9
• 2.1.6 Archaeological evidence for early medieval settlements in Lower Austria = 10
• 2.1.7 Archaeological fi nds from the immediate region of Sand during the 9th and 10th centuries AD = 12
• 2.2 Material = 13
• 2.2.1 Quantifi cation = 13
• 2.2.2 Archaeological context = 13
• Chapter 3. Methodology = 15
• 3.1 Identifi cation = 15
• 3.2 Quantifi cation = 15
• 3.3 Skeletal element representation / body part representation = 15
• 3.4 Sex ratio and age at death = 16
• 3.4.1 Sex ratio = 16
• 3.4.2 Age at death = 17
• 3.5 Butchery marks = 18
• 3.6 Morphometric analysis = 18
• 3.7 Spatial analysis = 18
• Chapter 4. Analysis by Species = 19
• 4.1 Quantifi cation and analysis of the archaeozoological material = 19
• 4.1.1 Domesticated species = 19
• 4.1.2 Wild species = 19
• DOMESTICATED SPECIES = 19
• 4.2 Cattle (Bos primigenius f. taurus) = 19
• 4.2.1 Quantifi cation = 19
• 4.2.2 Sex ratio = 20
• 4.2.3 Age at death = 21
• 4.2.4 Combining sex and age distribution = 22
• 4.2.5 Skeletal element distribution = 23
• 4.2.6 Modifi cations = 23
• 4.2.7 Morphometric analysis = 25
• 4.3 Sheep (Ovis orientalis f. aries) and Goat (Capra aegagrus f. hircus) = 41
• 4.3.1 Quantifi cation = 41
• 4.3.2 Sex ratio = 42
• 4.3.3 Age at death = 43
• 4.3.4 Combining sex and age distribution = 43
• 4.3.5 Skeletal element distribution = 44
• 4.3.6. Modifi cations = 44
• 4.3.7 Morphometric analysis of goat = 45
• 4.4 Pig (Sus scrofa f. domestica) = 46
• 4.4.1 Quantifi cation = 46
• 4.4.2 Sex ratio = 46
• 4.4.3 Age at death = 46
• 4.4.4 Combining sex and age distribution = 47
• 4.4.5 Skeletal element distribution = 48
• 4.4.6 Modifi cations = 48
• 4.4.7 Size and shape = 48
• 4.5 Horse (Equus ferus f. caballus) = 49
• 4.6 Dog (Canis lupus f. familiaris) = 50
• 4.7 Domestic fowl (Gallus gallus f. domestica) = 50
• WILD SPECIES = 51
• 4.8 Aurochs (Bos primigenius), Bison (Bison bonasus) and wild Bovidae = 51
• 4.8.1 Identifi cation = 51
• 4.8.2 Quantifi cation = 52
• 4.8.3 Sex ratio = 53
• 4.8.4 Age at death = 53
• 4.8.5 Combining sex and age distribution = 54
• 4.8.6 Skeletal element distribution and butchery marks = 54
• 4.9 Red deer (Cervus elaphus) = 54
• 4.9.1 Quantifi cation = 54
• 4.9.2 Sex ratio and age at death = 54
• 4.9.3 Skeletal element distribution = 55
• 4.9.4 Morphometric analysis = 56
• 4.10 Roe deer and Elk (Capreolus capreolus and Alces alces) = 56
• 4.10.1 Quantifi cation = 56
• 4.10.2 Sex ratio and age at death = 56
• 4.10.3 Skeletal element representation and butchery marks = 57
• 4.10.4 Morphometric analysis = 57
• 4.11 Wild boar (Sus scrofa) = 57
• 4.11.1 Quantifi cation = 57
• 4.11.2 Sex ratio and age at death = 58
• 4.11.3 Skeletal element distribution = 58
• 4.11.4 Morphometric analysis = 59
• 4.12 European hare (Lepus europaeus) = 60
• 4.13 Black rat (Rattus rattus) = 60
• 4.14 Wild cat (Felis silvestris) = 60
• 4.15 Carnivora, Lagomorpha, and Rodentia (fur animals) = 62
• 4.16 Other wild species = 62
• Chapter 5. Discussion = 63
• 5.1 Environment = 63
• 5.1.1 Wild species as environmental indicators and markers of human activities = 63
• 5.2 Interpreting the faunal assemblages from Sand = 64
• 5.2.1 Spatial analysis = 64
• 5.2.2 The socio-economic organisation of Sand = 68
• 5.3 Bridging archaeozoology and archaeology : unravelling the unique character of Sand = 73
• 5.4 Historical testimony : Res gestae Saxonicae by Widukind of Corvey = 74
• 5.5 Animal bones and history = 75
• Bibliography = 77
• Appendixes = 87
• Abbreviations for the following tables = 87
• Appendix A. Tables of Quantifi cation = 88
• Appendix B. Tables of Measurements = 99
• Bos primigenius f. taurus = 99
• Capra aegagrus f. hircus = 113
• Sus scrofa f. domestica = 117
• Equus ferus f. caballus = 123
• Canis lupus f. familiaris = 126
• Gallus gallus f. domestica = 127
• Bison bonasus = 129
• Bos primigenius = 131
• Cervus elaphus = 132
• Capreolus capreolus = 138
• Alces alces = 141
• Sus scrofa = 142
• Ursus arctos = 149
• Castor fiber = 151
• Martes martes = 153
• Sciurus vulgaris = 155
• Lepus europaeus = 157
• Lutra lutra = 158
• Mustela putorius = 159
• Cricetus cricetus = 160
• Erinaceus europaeus = 161