Hybrid and copolymers, integrating structurally distinct monomer sequences, are commercially valuable materials, as their mixed compositions give rise to physical and functional characteristics that cannot be achieved by homopolymers independently. Na...
Hybrid and copolymers, integrating structurally distinct monomer sequences, are commercially valuable materials, as their mixed compositions give rise to physical and functional characteristics that cannot be achieved by homopolymers independently. Native polymer structures are not suitable for a wide range of desirable practical applications due to their rigid intrinsic properties. In this context, glucansucrases have been widely used for the biosynthesis of polysaccharide-based polymers. Although enzymatic modification of α-glucans has commonly focused on introducing α-(1→6) branches into α-(1→4)-rich starch or amylose backbones using branching enzymes like 4,6-α-glucanotransferases, comparatively less attention has been given to glucosyltransferase-based systems that construct α-(1→6)-dominant glucan frameworks incorporating α-(1→4)-linked units or branch-like domains. This study aimed to explore whether complementary glucansucrases transglycosylation activities can generate structurally distinct hybrid α-glucans using sucrose as the sole substrate. A one-pot dual-enzyme system composed of Neisseria polysaccharea amylosucrase (NpAS; GH13) and Streptococcus mutans dextransucrase (SmDS; GH70), with sucrose as the donor substrate. The product structure was controlled by varying SmDS activity at three ratios (NpAS: SmDS = 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4). Soluble glucan fractions were purified using ethanol precipitation (95% v/v) followed by dialysis membrane filtration (3.5 kDa MWCO). Molecular weight (Mw) of purified glucans analyzed by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography with refractive index detection (HPSEC-RI) showed that the Mw of purified hybrid α-glucans was not only distinct as compared to NpAS and SmDS but also followed systematically increasing pattern with increase in SmDS activity, from 1.9 × 103 g·mol⁻¹ at 1:1 to 2.14 × 103 g·mol⁻¹ at 1:2 and 2.55 × 103 g·mol⁻¹ at 1:4, indicating that increasing the SmDS contribution promoted the formation of higher molecular weight soluble glucan populations rather than reproducing amylose- like or dextran-like product. 1H NMR spectroscopy and PMAA-GC-MS analysis confirmed the hybrid glucans contained →6)Glc, →3)Glc, →4)Glc, →3,6)Glc, and →4,6)Glc residues, providing evidence for a unique structural linkage environment of hybrid products. Enzymatic fingerprinting using dextranase and isoamylase revealed that the main chain structure of hybrid glucans was composed of an α-(1→6)-linked backbone, while other linkages were present as branches or side-chain residues. This distinction is structurally significant, as it suggests a mode of chain elongation in which SmDS extends NpAS-derived α-(1→4) maltooligosaccharide acceptors through linear α-(1→6) transglycosylation rather than forming conventional α-(1→6) branch structures. These mixed-linkage compositions distinguish the hybrid glucans from starch-type branched α-glucans bearing α-(1→6) branch points, and glycogen-like hyperbranched architectures. Furthermore, FITDOG-assisted oxidative depolymerization followed by NaBH4 reduction and LC-MS/MS analysis showed a clustered oligosaccharide (hexose) profile, which revealed that hybrid α-glucans shared a highly similar oligosaccharide fingerprint among themselves (cosine similarity ≥ 0.98), but exhibited only partial similarity with either NpAS (0.37–0.57) and SmDS (0.73– 0.87) controls. Tandem MS (MS²) analysis of reduced hexose alditol [Hexn-ol+Na]⁺ precursor ions revealed that glycosidic and cross-ring dissociation fragments diagnostic for α-(1→6), α-(1→4), and α-(1→3) linkages co-existed within the same hybrid spectra. These fragmentation patterns were not consistent with a simple physical overlay of parental Hexn distributions, as hybrid-specific peaks appeared at retention times absent from both parent profiles. These observations support the formation of putative heterogeneous mixed-linkage isomers in the hybrid products. Furthermore, physical characterization of the hybrid glucans supported these structural findings. This work demonstrates that combining NpAS and SmDS with complementary linkage specificities in a single reaction system represents a feasible biocatalytic strategy for generating soluble α-glucans with expanded tunable structural diversity and provides a foundation for future studies aimed at tailoring hybrid glucan properties for food, biomedical, and material applications.