지능정보사회의 안전한 인공지능 서비스 구현을 위한 개인정보 침해대응 및 위기관리 컴플라이언스 개발에 관한 연구 = A Study on Developing the Compliance for Infringement Response and Risk Management of Personal Information to Realize the Safe Artificial Intelligence Services in Artificial Intelligence Society

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study tried to suggest crisis management compliance to prevent personal information infringement accidents that may occur in the process because the data including personal information is being processed in the artificial intelligence (AI) service process. To this end, first, the AI ​​service provision process is divided into 3 processes such as service planning/data design and collection process, data pre-processing and purification process, and algorithm development and utilization process. And 3 processes are subdivided into 9 stages following to personal information processing stages to infringe personal information. All processes were investigated with literature and experts' Delphi. Second, the investigated personal information infringement factors were selected through FGI, Delphi, etc. for experts. Third, a survey was conducted with experts on the severity and possibility of each personal information infringement factor, and the validity and adequacy of the 94 responses were verified. Fourth, to present appropriate risk management compliance for personal information infringement factors in AI services, a method for calculating the risk level of personal information infringement is prepared by utilizing the asset value of personal information, personal information infringement factors, and the possibility of infringement accidents. Through this, the countermeasures for personal information infringement incidents were suggested according to the scored risk level.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 인공지능 서비스과정에서 개인정보를 포함한 데이터가 처리되고 있고, 그 과정에서 발생 가능한 개인정보 침해사고를 방지하기 위한 해결방안으로 개인정보 침해요인에 대응하는 위기관리 컴플라이언스를 마련하고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저, 문헌조사 및 전문가 Delphi를 거쳐 처리과정을 범주화를 하였는데, 인공지능서비스 제공과정을 서비스기획·데이터 설계 및 수집과정, 데이터 전처리 및 정제과정, 알고리즘 개발 및 활용과정으로 구분하고, 3개 과정을 9단계의 개인정보처리단계로 다시 세분화하여 개인정보 침해요인을 구성하였다. 둘째, 조사한 개인정보 침해요인을 전문가 대상의 FGI, Delphi 등을 통해 선정하였다. 셋째, 각 개인정보 침해요인에 대한 심각도 및 발생가능성에 대해 전문가대상으로 설문조사하였으며, 94명의 응답결과에 대해 타당성 및 적정성을 검증하였다. 넷째, 인공지능 서비스에서의 개인정보 침해요인에 대한 적절한 위기관리 컴플라이언스를 제시하기 위해, 개인정보의 자산가치, 개인정보 침해요인, 개인정보침해사고 발생가능성을 활용하여 개인정보 침해위험도 산정방식을 마련하였으며, 이를 통해 점수등급에 따라 위험정도에 따른 개인정보 침해사고 대응방안을 제시하였다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김용대 ; 장원철, "인공지능산업 육성을 위한 개인정보보호 규제 발전 방향" 법학연구소 9 (9): 161-176, 2016

2 신영진, "우리나라의 인공지능(AI)서비스를 위한 개인정보보호 개선방안" 중소기업융합학회 11 (11): 20-33, 2021

3 임채호 ; 최진혁 ; 김지영, "심리적 보안관점에서의 사이버범죄 프로파일링" 한국정보보호학회 19 (19): 115-124, 2009

4 홍은주 ; 이수진 ; 홍도원 ; 서창호, "신경망 학습에서 프라이버시 이슈 및 대응방법 분석" 한국디지털정책학회 17 (17): 285-292, 2019

5 전정훈, "사물 인터넷의 보안 위협 요인들에 대한 분석" 한국융합보안학회 15 (15): 47-53, 2015

6 최경진, "빅데이터·사물인터넷 시대 개인정보보호법제의 발전적 전환을 위한 연구" 중앙법학회 17 (17): 7-50, 2015

7 National Information Society Agency, "Threats, and countermeasures against the exploitation of artificial intelligence" NIA 2018

8 B. G. Lee, "The final report on the development of AI dysfunction prevention technology by deceptive attacks" Information and Communication Planning and Evaluation Institute, Ministry of Science and ICT 2021

9 H. J. Shim, "The Paradox of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Privacy: Focusing on AI Voice Assistants" KISDI 2018

10 Cyber Security Strategic Headquarters, "Severity evaluation criteria (draft) for critical infrastructure service failures due to cyber attacks"

11 D. H. Kim, "Security for IoT Service" 30 (30): 53-59, 2013

12 J. L. Kim., "Relation between Artificial Intelligence and Information Security" 36 (36): 14-17, 2018

13 Personal Information Protection Commission &Korea Internet & Security Agency, "Personal Information Impact Assessment Performance Guide"

14 The legislative power plant, "Overseas discussions on AI privacy issues"

15 Korea Internet & Security Agency, "Main contents of EU artificial intelligence (AI)regulation and protection of personal information" Personal Information Protection Monthly Trend Analysis 1-15, 2021

16 Korea Internet & Security Agency, "Main contents of EU artificial intelligence (AI)regulation and protection of personal information" Monthly trend analysis of personal information protection 1-15, 2021

17 National Information Society Agency, "Korea AI Company Status Survey Report" 1-119, 2017

18 신영진, "IoT서비스주체를 위한 개인정보보호 프레임워크 및 적합성 평가기준의 개발과적 용방안에 관한 연구" 한국지역정보화학회 23 (23): 83-117, 2020

19 EU, "General Data Protection Regulation" 2016

20 UK Biometrics and Forensics Ethics Group, "Ethical issues arising from the police use of live facial recognition technology" Interim report of the Biometrics and Forensics Ethics Group Facial Recognition Working Group 2019

21 M. Comiter, "Attacking Artificial Intelligence" Harvard Kennedy School Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs 2019

22 Australian Government, Department of Industry, Science, Energy, and Resource, "Artificial Intelligence: Australia's Ethics Framework" 1-76, 2019

23 S. H. Park, "Artificial Intelligence and Security Issues" 27 (27): 27-32, 2017

24 D. S. Choi., "Artificial Intelligence and Security" 34 (34): 31-37, 2017

25 Personal Information Protection Committee &Korea Internet & Security Agency, "Artificial Intelligence and Personal Information Protection The 6th Pseudonym Information Expert Training Materials"

26 D. S. Choi., "Artificial Intelligence and Fintech Security" 26 (26): 35-38, 2016

27 R. Goosen, "Artificial Intelligence Is a Threat to Cybersecurity It's Also a Solution" Technology & Digital BCG

28 Personal Information Protection Committee, "Artificial Intelligence (AI) Personal Information Protection Self-Checklist"

29 K. W. Kug, "Application examples by Artificial intelligence technology and industry"

30 Personal Information Protection Commission, "Analysis of personal information infringement factors in the Internet of Things era and investigation of actual cases" Personal Information Protection Committee 2015

31 송기복 ; 이제광, "AI의 상용화와 개인정보 보호에 관한 논의 - 화상 데이터와 프로파일링을 중심으로 -" 한국경호경비학회 (65) : 453-476, 2020

32 신영진, "AI서비스에서의 개인정보보호를 위한 책임과 원칙의 적용에 관한 연구" 한국사회안전 범죄정보학회 7 (7): 45-74, 2021

33 L.Floridi, "AI4People-An Ethical Framework for a Good AI Society: Opportunities, Risks" 28 : 689-707, 2018

34 박철희 ; 홍도원, "AI 환경에서 모델 전도 공격에 안전한 차분 프라이버시 기술" 한국정보보호학회 29 (29): 589-598, 2019

35 D. H. Kim, "AI guidelines' from around the world will compete.. A small step domestically" News Tomato

36 J. H. Kim, "A study on the protection of personal information in the field of artificial intelligence and robotics" Personal Information Protection Committee 2016

37 Ministry of Science, Technology, and Information & National Information Society Agency, "A guide to building datasets for artificial intelligence learning"

38 S. J. Sohn, "A Study on the Artificial Intelligence Ethical Principle Classification Model" 25 (25): 111-114, 2021

39 Korea Internet & Security Agency, "A Study on Improvement Plans for Personal Information Protection Policy for Fostering the Artificial Intelligence Industry" Service Proposal Request Form 2020