가상통화 생성방식에 따른 유형별 법적 규제방안 연구-발행주체의 존재여부를 중심으로- = A Study on the Legal Regulation Methods for Different Types of Virtual Currency Issuing

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In recent years, virtual currencies, which combine IT technology, such as mining and blockchain, rather than the existing centralized issuance method, are attracting great attention in terms of functionality and stability as means of payment settlement. However, as recognition of virtual currencies has expanded from payment instruments to investment targets, there is an urgent need to establish a clear definition of these concepts and regulations for user protection. Especially, due to the possibility of abuse by means of money laundering, terrorist financing, tax portal, etc., it is urgent to prepare measures to protect the consumers from the necessity of public regulation and high price volatility.
Major countries around the world are also paying attention to the need for various regulations or regulations based on the definition of virtual currencies. In the case of the United States and Japan, the regulations are defined through definition of virtual currencies and virtual currency exchanges, and various obligations are imposed on virtual currency traders to ensure soundness such as minimum capital regulation, explanation obligation, disclosure requirement, And provided legal measures to protect users against the risks associated with virtual currency transactions by constantly managing and monitoring the virtual money market through provision of active supervision authority of financial authorities. In the meantime, in Korea, virtual currencies are still in the blind spot of regulation. In this situation, the government is establishing a joint task force for the related ministries centered on the financial committee to secure legal stability through regulation of virtual currencies, Various legislative efforts have been made to protect users through the legal regulation of virtual currencies, such as the legislative initiative of the Electronic Financial Transactions Act.
In this study, virtual currency is classified into issuing method and mining method in order to establish legal concept of virtual currency.
Based on this distinction, we tried to contribute to the legal definition of virtual currency by examining applicable law of each type. In this way, we tried to find the stability of the virtual currency market and protect the virtual currency users through a new approach to the legal regulation of virtual currency.
The development of new financial technologies, such as blockchains and virtual currency, increases the convenience of users, while the absence of regulations can cause users to suffer unintended consequences. Therefore, it is urgent to prepare regulations to regulate the overall virtual currency.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 금융위원회, "｢가상통화 관계기관 합동 TF｣ 개최 - 가상통화 현황 및 대응방향"

2 금융위원회, "향후 대응방향 점검을 위한 ｢가상통화 관계기관 합동 TF｣ 개최"

3 김홍기, "최근 디지털 가상화폐 거래의 법적 쟁점과 운용방안 － 비트코인 거래를 위주로 －" 한국증권법학회 15 (15): 377-431, 2014

4 이광상, "중국의 비트코인 거래 확대 및 규제 강화" 한국금융연구원 26 (26): 2017

5 박용진, "전자금융거래법 일부개정법률안(의안번호 8288. 2017. 7. 31.)"

6 맹수석, "일본의 지급결제제도의 최근 규제 동향과 시사점" 한국비교사법학회 23 (23): 433-468, 2016

7 이광상, "일본의 비트코인 결제수단 활성화" 한국금융연구원 26 (26): 2017

8 김은경, "유럽연합에서의 핀테크 산업과 법의 적용 - 지급결제지침 개정이 핀테크 사업에 미치는 영향을 중심으로 -" 비교법학연구소 49 : 617-654, 2016

9 맹수석, "블록체인방식의 가상화폐에 대한 합리적 규제 방안-비트코인을 중심으로-" 한국상사법학회 35 (35): 137-168, 2017

10 정승화, "블록체인 기술기반의 분산원장 도입을 위한 법적 과제 - 금융산업을 중심으로 -" 한국금융법학회 13 (13): 107-138, 2016

11 김남훈, "모바일 중심 거래환경과 가상화폐의 부상" 하나금융경영연구소 7 (7): 2017

12 국회도서관, "디지털 가상화폐 관련 외국 입법례" 2016

13 맹수석, "가상통화의 법적 규제방안 마련을 위한 종합적 검토- 각국의 동향, 정부안 및 국회의원 발의안을 중심으로" 사법발전재단 1 (1): 95-140, 2017

14 관계기관 합동, "가상통화(virtual currency) 현황 및 대응방향"

15 정순섭, "가상통화 규제의 기본방향" 2017

16 遠藤元一, "仮想通貨に関する新たな法規制(FinTech法)の枠組み" 46 (46): 2016

17 中國人民銀行, "中国人民银行 中央网信办 工业和信息化部 工商总局 银监会 证监会 保监会关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告"

18 "https://coinmarketcap.com"

19 "http://www.eba.europa.eu/-/eba-warns-consummer-on-virtual-currencies"

20 "http://index.bithumb.com/coinsdaq/vmCompare.php"

21 European Banking Authority, "Warnig to consumers on virtual currencies"

22 Michael Mainelli, "The Impact and Potential of Blockchain on the Securities Transaction Lifecycle" SWIFT Institute 2016

23 Niall Ferguson, "The Ascent of Money - A financial history of the world" Penguin Press 2009

24 European Banking Authority, "Opinion of the European Banking Authority on the EU Commission’s proposal to bring Virtual Currencies into the scope of Directive (EU) 2015/849(4AMLD)"

25 "IRS Notice 2014-21"

26 천창민, "ICO(Initial Coin Offering)의 증권법적 평가와 함의" 자본시장연구원 2017

27 European Banking Authority, "EBA Opinion on ‘virtual currencies’"

28 Matthew Kien-Meng Ly, "COINING BITCOIN'S "LEGAL-BITS": EXAMINING THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR BITCOIN AND VIRTUAL CURRENCIES" 27 (27): 2014

29 남기연, "Bitcoin의 법적 가치에 관한 연구" 법학연구소 38 (38): 525-549, 2014

30 Münzer, Jens, "Bitcoin-quo vadis?, BaFin Annual Report 2014" BaFin 2015

31 "Bitcoin recognized by Germany as 'private money'"

32 Winheller, "Banking Regulations in Germany (BaFin) and the EU"