The German language in Switzerland : multilingualism, diglossia and variation

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Maps and Tables = 11
• Abbreviations = 13
• Glossary = 15
• Introduction = 23
• 1 Institutional and political context = 25
• 1.1 Switzerland as a multilingual society = 25
• 1.1.1 Language planning for a multilingual nation = 30
• 1.1.1.1 Constitutional means of maintaining linguistic harmony = 33
• 1.1.1.2 Language policy in multilingual cantons = 36
• 1.1.1.3 Less formal means of language guidance = 39
• 1.1.2 Patterns of language contact = 42
• 1.1.2.1 Bilingual and multilingual people = 44
• 1.1.2.2 Second language learning = 45
• 1.1.3 English as a lingua franca? = 47
• 1.2 German-speaking Switzerland as a diglossic community = 49
• 1.2.1 The domains of usage of the dialects and Standard German = 52
• 1.2.1.1 Dialect and Standard German in education = 54
• 1.2.1.2 Dialect and Standard German in the electronic media = 57
• 1.2.1.3 Dialect and Standard German in advertising = 63
• 1.2.1.4 Dialect and Standard German in the Churches = 65
• 1.2.1.5 Dialect and Standard German in the Army = 69
• 1.2.2 Problems associated with diglossia = 70
• 1.2.3 The "Mundartwellen" = 72
• 1.2.4 For and against a "Nationaldialekt" = 78
• 1.2.5 The Swiss German dialects as a barrier to communication = 81
• 1.3 Language maintenance = 83
• 1.3.1 Preserving the standard language = 84
• 1.3.1.1 History of the standardization of German in Switzerland = 84
• 1.3.1.2 Reasons for preserving the standard language = 87
• 1.3.1.3 Linguistic purism in historical perspective = 88
• 1.3.1.4 The Deutschschweizerischer Sprachverein(DSSV) = 90
• The puristic objectives of the DSSV = 93
• 1.3.1.5 The influence of the dialects on the standard language = 99
• 1.3.2 Preserving the dialects = 100
• 1.3.2.1 The influence of the standard language on the dialects = 102
• 1.3.2.2 Reasons for preserving the dialects = 106
• 1.3.2.3 Societies for the conservation of the dialects = 116
• 1.3.3 Recording the dialects = 120
• 1.3.3.1 The history of dialectology in Switzerland = 120
• 1.3.3.2 The Schweizerisches Idiotikon = 123
• 1.3.3.3 The Sprachatlas der deutschen Schweiz = 125
• 1.4 Conclusion = 126
• 2 Swiss German and Swiss Standard German = 129
• 2.1 The Swiss German dialects = 130
• 2.1.1 The geographical distribution of the major dialect groups = 130
• 2.1.1.1 Low Alemannic = 131
• 2.1.1.2 High Alemannic = 131
• 2.1.1.3 Highest Alemannic = 133
• 2.1.1.4 Cantonal dialects = 134
• 2.1.2 The distinctive common features of the dialects = 137
• 2.1.2.1 Phonology = 138
• 2.1.2.2 Morphology = 140
• 2.1.2.3 Syntax = 143
• 2.1.2.4 Lexis = 143
• 2.1.2.5 Sample text = 148
• 2.2 Swiss Standard German and German-language Swiss literature = 150
• 2.2.1 What is a Helveticism? = 151
• 2.2.2 The linguistic features of Swiss Standard German = 154
• 2.2.2.1 Orthography = 154
• 2.2.2.2 Phonology = 155
• 2.2.2.3 Morphology = 157
• 2.2.2.4 Syntax = 159
• 2.2.2.5 Lexis = 161
• 2.2.2.6 Semantic features = 165
• 2.2.2.7 Sample text = 166
• 2.2.3 The Swissness of German Swiss literature = 168
• 2.2.4 Language use as a theme in literature = 172
• 2.3 Swiss German and Swiss Standard German in contact with other languages = 180
• 2.3.1 Internal contact between German and other languages = 182
• 2.3.1.1 The language boundaries within Switzerland in modern times = 182
• 2.3.1.2 The development of the language boundaries = 186
• 2.3.1.3 The formation of a multilingual nation = 191
• 2.3.2 International contact between German and other languages = 193
• 2.3.3 Foreign influences upon Swiss German and Swiss Standard German = 197
• 2.3.3.1 Latin influence = 199
• 2.3.3.2 French influence = 201
• 2.3.3.3 Italian influence = 206
• 2.3.3.4 Romansh influence = 209
• 2.3.3.5 English influence = 210
• 2.4 Recent lexical trends = 217
• 2.4.1 Linguistic fashions = 217
• 2.4.2 Advertising language = 219
• 2.4.3 Political correctness = 222
• 2.5 Conclusion = 222
• 3 Sociolinguistic and pragmalinguistic issues = 225
• 3.1 Regional variation and linguistic change = 225
• 3.2 Language and social group = 231
• 3.2.1 Social class and linguistic variation = 231
• 3.2.2 Language and generation = 233
• 3.2.3 Language and sex = 237
• 3.2.3.1 Sex and the linguistic system = 237
• 3.2.3.2 "Women's language" and "men's language" = 241
• 3.2.3.3 Attitudes towards "women's language" = 246
• 3.2.4 Language and ethnic origin = 250
• 3.2.4.1 Gastarbeiterdeutsch in Switzerland = 250
• 3.2.4.2 Surbtaler Jiddisch - an extinct language = 252
• 3.2.5 Jenisch and urban Sondersprachen = 256
• 3.3 Subjective views of language = 260
• 3.3.1 Language and national identity = 261
• 3.3.2 Attitudes of outsiders towards the germanophone Swiss and their dialects = 264
• 3.3.3 Attitudes of the germanophone Swiss to their own and to one another's dialects = 268
• 3.3.4 The relationship between francophone and germanophone Swiss = 272
• 3.4 Human relationships and communicative situations = 274
• 3.4.1 Forms of address = 274
• 3.4.2 Phatic communication and ritual = 278
• 3.5 Conclusion = 281
• Appendices = 283
• Bibliography = 291
• Index = 317