정보기술과 민주화의 패러독스?: 미국의 정보기술 수출통제정책 변화와 중국의 인터넷 발전 = A Paradox of Information Technology and Democratization?: Change in U.S. Export Control Policies on Information Technology and China's Internet Development

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

China has the most sophisticated and powerful Internet control and censorship system as well as the largest Internet market in the world. In the perspective of democratization hypothesis, China’s Internet development is a paradoxical case. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of a democratization hypothesis on liberalization of U.S. export control system, and to indicate practical limits of the hypothesis. Unlike the perspective of democratization hypothesis, this paper focused on possibility of a paradox of information technology and democratization that contribute to the maintenance and strengthening of the existing authoritarian regimes. On the basis of democratization hypothesis, Clinton Administration transferred information technology as a means of the democratization of authoritarian regimes, but th technology will strengthen efficiency and legitimacy of authoritarian regimes. This paper indicated theoretical and practical limits of democratization hypothesis, that is a paradox of information technology and democratization.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

중국은 세계에서 가장 정교하고 강력한 인터넷 통제체제를 구축했으면서도 세계에서 가장 많은 네티즌을 보유한 최대의 인터넷 시장이다. 민주화가설의 시각에서 이러한 중국의 인터넷 발전 상황은 역설적인 사례이다. 이 논문의 목적은 중국의 인터넷 확산과 통제가 양립할 수 있는 기술적 조건을 제공한 미국의 정보기술 수출통제 자유화에 미친 민주화가설의 영향을 분석하고 그 현실적 한계를 검토하는 것이다. 특히 민주화가설의 시각과 달리, 기존 권위주의 체제의 유지 및 강화에 기여하는 ‘정보기술과 민주화의 패러독스’의 가능성을 보여주는 데 초점을 맞추었다. 이 논문은 민주화가설에 입각하여 권위주의 체제의 민주화를 위한 수단으로 정보기술을 이전했지만, 오히려 정보기술이 권위주의 정권에 의해 통치 효율성이나 체제 정당성을 강화하는 효과로 나타날 수도 있다는 실증적 함의를 제시하고 있다.

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