The objective of this very research is as following. Firstly, to understand the interpretation of the banality of evil that Hanna Arendt identified as the essence of evil and to reveal that such a banality is derived from the three inabilities of huma...
The objective of this very research is as following. Firstly, to understand the interpretation of the banality of evil that Hanna Arendt identified as the essence of evil and to reveal that such a banality is derived from the three inabilities of human; thinking, speaking, and judging. Secondly, implementing the interpretation of the cause of the banality of evil, it is to suggest the concept of communication that can prevent the outbreak of evil and overcome the banality of evil as well as to reveal its significance.
The research carried out by Arendt implies that no one person participating in a society with a system of producing evil can be free from that very evil. Also, she implies that an individual’s morality cannot be asserted in that society. In other words, she assumes that under a given social condition, there is a high probability that a person in this very society will commit evil without any sort of sense of guilt, which the most shocking statement is thrown to the media in regards to evil. Totalitarianism which was one of Arendt’s primary research topics states that network that individuals share is removed through vigilance and accusation. Consequently, the plurality of human being would be destroyed and the public realm would be shut down to outbreak evil. In other words, a human being shows inabilities to think, speak, and judge in such an environment basically paralyzes the human’s capabilities of thinking and judging.
Thinking defined by Arendt is a human’s mental activity that tries to be unified with oneself by resolving the internal dilemma through the conversation with oneself. A human’s life is executed in the world of appearances whereas the thinking ego continuously pulls back the daily events and intervenes with them to execute the conversation with oneself. Thinking ego brings up the question towards the ego in the world of appearances held back in present phenomenon and requires examination and consideration to adhere to the critical attitude of oneself.
Thinking is basically executed through language and its outcomes also ultimately take the form of a language. For this reason, language can be interpreted as an outcome that archives the mental activities. On the other hand, the language described by Arendt is just a common language but not a language of symbols such as scientific languages. Common language is constituted of many of humans’ global experiences and understandings. Unlike the scientific language that includes exclusive truth, common language allows for various ways of interpretation. If it is the scientific language that lost the political definition, the common language on the other hand struggles for continuous interests towards world to maintain the relationship with it. Consequently, implementation of common language rather than a scientific language becomes an important element in proving the existence of thinking and judging abilities an individual incorporates.
If the definition of thinking can be stated as a conversation between one and oneself, judging can be interpreted as a conversation between one and the other. In this perspective, communication intersects the concept of thinking and the judging. Although Arendt considers a communication as a subordinate field in the Judgment Theory, it can be inferred that communication penetrates the Arendt’s formal idea based on the ideological stream that incorporates human’s plurality and the action of exchange within the public realm.
In Arendt’s perspective, judging is considered as a mental activity that analyzes and considers one’s own thinking through creating a conversation with imaginative person actually does not exist. The reasonable boundary to come up with this imaginative person is limitless. Therefore, the thinking that is being expanded to its maximum must be so that arbitrariness is removed and impartiality is attainable. The action of penetrating one’s judging to the other’s scheme would then basically supplement a human’s, whom is bounded with a limited cognitive power, incomplete judging allowing for a consideration of the conditions within the blind spot.
Meanwhile, human needs the communication carried out at the level social dimension by directly having contact with actually existing others and this is because the imaginative person can’t provide a real status perfectly. The contact with the existing others allow for a materialization of abstract ethical problems and enhances the essentiality of communication. The existing others have faces and they are the ones who drive the life in the world of appearances. For this reason, it is natural for one to expand his/her cogitation into others through their languages. The communication with the existing others requires one to be interested in and shape the world.
In order for the communication between one and the existing others to be feasible, a secured public realm where multiple human beings can coexist absolutely required. If it is difficult to observe active humans communicate with each other in the public real having need of attention and public opinion, it is probably the violence of a country's Totalitarianism that is resulting such a circumstance. In other words, under the environment where the variability of communication is unsecured, the form of communication will be simplified and at the same time, its process will go on unimaginably rapidly. For this reason, it is still important to interpret and identify the human events as well as to experience the world through continuous communication with others because the fear of evil that slowly approaches us disguised in a banal appearance, as Arendt warned, is not disappeared completely.