OECD 국가의 아동가족복지정책 유형과 아동웰빙의 관계 = The Relationship between the Type of Child and Family Welfare Policy and Child Well-being among OECD Countries -Focused on the Level of Public Expenditures and the Balance of Cash and In-kind Benefits-

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 OECD 국가의 아동가족복지정책을 지출 수준과 급여균형성 두 차원에 의거하여 유형화하고, 아동웰빙과의 관계를 고찰하는 데 목적을 두었다. 특히 아동웰빙 증진을 위한 급여균형성의 필요성에 대한 논의와 함께, 아동가족복지 지출 수준에 따른 급여제공전략을 구체적으로 제시하였다. 분석대상은 OECD 24개국이고, 자료는 OECD SOCX 가족부문 지출과, UNICEF와 아동종합실태조사의 아동 결핍 지수, 아동 삶의 만족도를 활용하였다. 퍼지셋 분석에 따른 유형화 결과, 분석 결과, 첫째, 지출수준이 높은 유형에서 아동의 객관적 웰빙 수준이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 지출수준이 높은 경우서비스급여중심 유형에서, 지출수준이 낮은 경우 현금급여중심 유형에서 객관적.주관적 웰빙 수준 모두 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 아동가족복지정책 급여균형성은 지출수준이 낮은 한계점을 보완하여 아동의 주관적 웰빙을 증진시킬 수 있는 기제로 나타났다. 이에 따른 급여제공 전략은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지출 수준이 낮은 유형의 국가들은 아동의 객관적 웰빙 증진을 위해 지속적으로 지출수준을 끌어올려야 할 것이다. 둘째, 지출수준이 높은 국가의 경우 서비스급여를, 지출수준이 낮은 국가의 경우 현금급여를 집중적으로 제공하는 것이 아동의 객관적 웰빙과 주관적 웰빙을 모두 증진시키는 최선의 전략이 될 수 있다. 셋째, 지출 수준을 단기간에 끌어올리기 어려울 경우 급여균형성 확보를 통해 아동의 주관적 웰빙을 증진시킬 수 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aimed to examine the association between the typology of child and family welfare policies, which were based on the level of public expenditures and thebalance of cash and in-kind benefits, and child well-being among OECD countries. Based on the findings, this study suggests implications to improve welfare benefits according to the level of child and family welfare expenditures and to discuss the necessity of balancing benefits for improved child well-being. The analytic sample was composed of 24 OECD countries. The data included multiple indicators for family welfare expenditures, a child deficiency index, and satisfaction of child life, all of which were collected from multiple external sources, including OECD, UNICEF, and KIHASA. Four types of child and family welfare policies were created through a fuzzy-set analysis: (1) high levels of both welfare expenditures and balancing cash and in-kind benefits; (2) high levels of welfare expenditures but low levels of balancing benefits; (3) low levels of welfare expenditures but high levels of balancing benefits; and (4) low levels of both welfare expenditures and balancing benefits. Each of the two types with low levels of balancing benefits was further divided into two sub-groups according to whether the benefits were cash benefits or service-oriented benefits, yielding a total of six types of child and family welfare policies. The main findings are as follows. First, the type of child and family welfare policies with high levels of public expenditures showed high levels of objective child well-being. Second, both objective and subjective child well-being were high in the type with high levels of welfare expenditures and service-oriented benefits as well as in the type with low levels of welfare expenditures and cash-oriented benefits. Third, balancing cash and in-kind benefits was associated with high levels of subjective child well-being in a way that complements low levels of welfare expenditures. The specific strategies to improve child and family welfare benefits are as follows. First, the countries with low levels of welfare expenditures need to raise the levels of expenditure steadily to improve objective child well-being. Second, both objective and subjective child well-being could be improved by intensively providing service-oriented benefits in the countries with high levels of welfare expenditures and cash-oriented benefits in the countries with low levels of welfare expenditures. Finally, subjective child well-being could be improved by securing the balance of cash and in-kind benefits when it is difficult to raise the level of welfare expenditures in a short period of time.