원거리 지진 주시 토모그래피를 이용한 멜라네시아 지역의 맨틀 속도 구조 연구 = Teleseismic Travel Time Tomography for the Mantle Velocity Structure Beneath the Melanesian Region

국문 초록 (Abstract)

서태평양 멜라네시아 지역에는 복잡한 판들의 지구조 운동이 발생하고 있고, 가장 거대한 해양 해대인 온통-자바 해대와 열점인 캐롤라인 제도가 위치해 있다. 이 지역의 복잡한 지구동역학에 대한 이해를 높이기 위해 해저 지진계와 육상 지진계에 기록된 원거리 지진으로부터 상대 주시를 획득하여 P파 및 S파 속도 모델 및 δ (VP/VS) 모델을 계산했다. 그 결과 멜라네시아 지역의 섭입대에서 약 400km 깊이까지 강한 고속도 이상이 관찰됐고, 이는 판경계를 따라 섭입하는 솔로몬해판, 비스마르크판, 그리고 호주판의 모습으로 생각된다. 섭입대를 따라 양의 δ (VP/VS) 이상값이 나타나는데, 이는 탈수 작용에 의한 부분 용융의 결과로 생각된다. 온통-자바 해대 하부 600km 깊이 아래에서 넓은 고속도 이상체가 관찰되며, 음의 δ (VP/VS) 이상값을 보인다. 이는 25-45 Ma 시기에 섭입한 태평양판이 분리된 잔재로 판단되며, 오랜 기간 맨틀 전이대에 머물면서 잔류판의 최상부에 포함되어 있던 유체가 빠져나가면서 주변 맨틀 물질에 비해 상대적으로 점성이 높고 건조해짐으로 인해 강한 고속도 이상과 강한 음의 δ (VP/VS) 이상값이 나타난 것으로 생각된다. 캐롤라인 제도 하부에서는 강한 저속도 이상이 800km 깊이까지 관찰되며 맨틀 전이대에 위치한 태평양판 잔재 하부까지 연결되어 보인다. 이는 하부 맨틀에서 기인한 맨틀 플룸이 태평양판의 잔재와의 상호작용으로 인해 상승방향이 바뀌어 현재 위치에 도달한 것으로 보인다. 또한 맨틀플룸은 양의 δ (VP/VS) 이상값을 가지는데 내포된 유체나 부분 용융에 의한 영향으로 생각된다. 온통-자바 해대 하부의 두꺼운 암석권의 영향으로 해석되는 고속도 이상체가 300km 깊이까지 관찰되었으며 음의 δ (VP/VS) 이상값을 보여주는데, 이는 암석권에 쌓인 용융 잔류물에 유체가 거의 남아있지 않음을 나타내는 것으로 보인다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Melanesian region in the western Pacific is dominated by complex plate tectonics, with the largest oceanic plateau, the Ontong-Java plateau, and a hotspot, the Caroline Islands. To better understand the complex geodynamics of the region, we estimate P- and Svelocity models and δ (VP/VS) model by using relative teleseismic travel times measured at seismometers on land and the seafloor. Our results show high-velocity anomalies in the subduction zones of the Melanesian region to a depth of about 400 km, which is thought to be subducting Solomon Sea, Bismarck, and Australian plates along plate boundaries. Along subduction zones, positive δ (VP/VS) anomalies are found, which may be caused by partial melting due to dehydration. A broad high-velocity anomaly is observed at 600 km depth below the Ontong-Java plateau, with a negative δ (VP/VS) anomaly. This is thought to be a viscous and dry remnant of the Pacific plate that subducted at 45-25 Ma, with a low volume of fluids due to dehydration for a long period in the mantle transition zone. Beneath the Caroline Islands, a strong low-velocity anomaly is obseved to a depth of 800 km and appears to be connected to the underside of the remnant Pacific plate in the mantle transition zone. This suggests that the mantle plume originating in the lower mantle has been redirected due to the interaction with the remnant Pacific plate and has reached its current location. The mantle plume also has a positive δ (VP/VS) anomaly, which is thought to be due to the influence of embedded fluids or partial melting. A highvelocity anomaly, interpreted as an effect of the thick lithosphere beneath the Ontong-Java plateau, is observed down to 300 km depth with a negative δ (VP/VS) anomaly, which likely indicate that little fluid remains in the melt residue accumulated in the lithosphere.

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