간다라(Gandhara) 출가유성불전도(出家踰城佛傳圖)의 연구 = Study on the Arts of Great Departure of Prince Siddhartha in Gandhara

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this study, among the arts of the Buddha`s life story, the reliefs of the Great Departure of Prince Siddhartha, specially, in Gandhara have been investigated to understand the changes in iconographical meanings of Buddha`s life story according to the time and geographical location, by analyzing the characters and compositions appearing in the images. Compare to other images, the fact that the image of the Great Departure of Prince Siddhartha is sculptured on the torana of Sanchi Stupa-1 is suggesting the importance of the Great Departure in the life story of the Buddha. Buddha is depicted as symbolic images like Buddha`s Foot Print and/or Chattras in the relief of the Great Departure of Prince Siddhartha of Sanchi Stupa-1, Madhya Pradesh, India. In contrast, the appearance of Buddha is depicted as a feature of human for the first time in the reliefs of Great Departure of Prince Siddhartha in Gandhara. It seems that the images of armed God, goddess of Kapilavastu, and goddess of Night (Nyx) that appear in the Great Departure of Prince Siddhartha in Gandhara, reflect the features of cross-cultural creatures between Western and Asian countries but not the regional characters of India. It is hard to accept the suggestions that the images of armed God at the Karachi Museum or armed warrior from Loriyan Tangai in Gandhara as Vaisravana or Mara, because many other Gods appear in several kinds of Buddhist scriptures (Sutra). In addition, their appearances have some analogy to the image of Vaisravana in the Offering of the Four Bowls or image of Panchika. Thus, it seems that their images indicate some kinds of Gandharan Gods showing in Gandharan Buddhist`s arts. In this study, through the Great Departure of Prince Siddhartha in Gandhara, it was found that the evidence of cultural exchanges between Western and Asian regions revealed as a process of establishment of iconography reflecting region-specific characteristics as well as interpopulational understanding of Buddhism. Also, it was able to find clues to the understanding of the relationship among Gods in lower classes that is one of the most attracting points in studying the exchange of Buddhist culture.