This essay aims to reexamine how the genre of Korean Dance has been constructed and to argue that Korean Dance is a cultural product of nationalism and in some cases, it reproduces Orientalism. I investigate how Korean Dance is (re)invented as a genre...
This essay aims to reexamine how the genre of Korean Dance has been constructed and to argue that Korean Dance is a cultural product of nationalism and in some cases, it reproduces Orientalism. I investigate how Korean Dance is (re)invented as a genre based on cultural practice and stereotypes, and how it involves ideological complexity in social power. I argue that Korean Dance is constructed according to socio-political, cultural changes, and reflects contemporary discourses. I utilize poststructuralist approach as a research methodology because it provides a new reading of Korean Dance, discursively focusing on meaning in motion, difference, social power, and subject-in-process.
Korea’s modernity narrated as negative has caused Korean dance terminology to change over time and led Korean dancers to reinvent tradition-derived contemporary Korean dance with postcolonial consciousness. Korean Dance was reinvented as a nationalist project for symmetry and equality to and in a mimetic desire for western dance. Because Korean Dance was reconceptualized as a tradition-derived dance form and artistic dance genre rather than an ethnic dance, it is already based on the idea of creativity and individuality. Korean Dance is a contemporary dance genre in which dancers consciously recover modern subjectivities and recreate Koreanness by deploying the western idea of creativity as a tool to narrate their worldview. There is a politics of categorization in dance classification. Different standards are applied for each dance genre -- nation for Korean Dance, dance genre for ballet, and temporality for modern dance. Korean Dance situates the West in an idealized readership and is co-constitutive with western dance. In a sense, colonial mentality permeates through the categorization of representing Korean Dance as a symbol of the non-modern, amorphous, and non-rational: there is on the one hand, Orientalist internalization in the idea of Korean Dance because the West is positioned as an idealized readership, and on the other hand, postcolonial consciousness in reinventing Korean Dance equivalent to western dance. Sinmuyong (New Dance) and Korean Creative Dance, which are considered subtypes of Korean dance, are, I argue, socio-cultural products of nationalism to reinvent contemporary Korean dance, embodying the ideas of individuality and creativity from the beginning of its reinvention.
The Korean National Dance Company and its related senior dancers have played an important role in developing Korean Dance as an artistic dance genre. Dance departments at universities contributs to the development of Korean Dance as an artistic dance genre because they institutionally categorize and develop the dance major into three areas: Korean Dance, ballet, and modern dance. Cultural Property Preservation Law have reshaped traditional dance in a fixed context. It contributes to the preservation of traditional dances but results in the taxidermization and commodification of Korean Dance.
Korean Dance is not a fixed entity but a historical construction. It is a nationalist project, still in motion, constantly changing. This understanding of Korean Dance gives us a starting point to answer why the searches for authentic Korean Dance and debates on the terminology of Korean Dance have been long and controversial. My research on Korean Dance in a poststructuralist view provides an open flexible attitude about Korean Dance to Korean dancers and scholars. Korean Dance should be deconstructed and variously reconstructed in a site where popular people’s lives and cultures can be shared. We need to acknowledge the historical significance of nationalism, which facilitates and maintains the development of Korean Dance. But we need to go beyond nationalism in order to reconstruct Korean identity in the age of globalization in the twentieth century. We should know how nationalism has contributed to and has impeded the development of Korean Dance.