감각통합치료가 주의력결핍 및 과잉행동장애 아동의 균형 및 집중력에 미치는 효과: 개별 실험 연구 = The Effects of Sensory Integrative Intervention on the Balance and Attention of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Single-Subject Research Design

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of Sensory integrative intervention on the balance and attention of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD). The subject is a boy diagnosed with ADHD, who is 7 years and 6 months old and a second grader in an elementary school in P city. A single subject ABAB design was used for this study. The procedure consisted of 3 times of baseline 1 phase(A), 3 times of treatment 1 phase(B), 5 times of baseline 2 phase(A') and 6 times of treatment 2 phase(B'). The baseline phases involved no treatment, but during the treatment phases sensory integrative intervention was conducted. The balance ability was measured by Tetrax and the attention by Mesulam and Weintraub Cancellation Test(MWCT).
According to this study, the subject’s balance ability was improved in the phases of treatment 1 and 2 better than in the phases of baseline 1 and 2. The attention of subject was constantly increased throughout the whole phases. But compared with that in the baseline 2 phase, the attention in the treatment 2 phase was boosted strikingly. Therefore, this study showed that sensory integrative intervention provided positive treatment effects on the improvement of the balance and attention of the subject with ADHD. Furthermore, this study supported the effectiveness of sensory integrative intervention by dealing with the attention problem and the motor aspects at the same time and helped the caregiver to increase awareness of the child with ADHD. But this study has some limitations in that it is somewhat difficult to generalize owing to the insufficient number of the subject and the short period of the experiment. Therefore, the future research should be done more extensively with the consideration of these aspects.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 감각통합치료를 통해 ADHD 아동의 균형 및 집중력 변화 정도를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 P시에 거주하는 만 7세 6개월 된 남아로 일반초등학교 2학년에 재학 중이며, ADHD로 진단을 받았다. 본 연구는 개별 실험 연구 중 ABAB 설계를 사용하였다. 실험과정은 기초선1 기간(A) 3회, 치료1 기간(B) 3회, 기초선2 기간(A') 5회, 치료2 기간(B') 6회로 진행되었다. 기초선1과 2 기간에는 감각통합치료를 하지 않았으며, 치료 기간에는 감각통합치료를 실시하였다. 균형 능력은 Tetrax를 사용하여 측정하였으며, 집중력은 Mesulam and Weintraub Cancellation Test(MWCT)를 사용하여 측정하였다.
본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 아동의 균형 능력은 기초선1ㆍ2 기간과 비교하여 치료1ㆍ2 기간에 보다 향상되었다. 아동의 집중력은 기초선1부터 치료2 기간까지 지속적으로 향상되어 직접적인 감각통합치료의 효과로 보기에는 어려우나, 기초선2 기간보다 치료2 기간에는 향상된 정도가 더 크므로 감각통합치료가 집중력 변화에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 따라서 감각통합치료가 ADHD 아동의 균형 및 집중력 향상에 효과적이었다. 본 연구는 ADHD 아동의 문제를 집중력에만 국한하지 않고 운동적인 부분까지 제시하여 감각통합치료의 효과를 지지하였으며, 보호자의 아동에 대한 이해도를 증가시켰다. 그러나 연구 대상자의 수가 적고 실험기간이 짧아 일반화시키기에는 어려움이 있으므로 향후에는 인원수 및 치료기간을 고려하여야 할 것이다.

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