“공감할 줄 아는 아이 기르기”: 한국과 미국의 공감사회화에 관한 비교문화적 연구 = Raising an Empathetic Child: A Korean and American Comparison of Early Socialization

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this paper, I comparatively analyze socialization practices of empathy in the preschool classrooms of the U.S. and Korea to discuss the universal and sociocultural underpinnings of empathy in two cultures. Based on detailed ethnographic description of everyday socialization practices in two preschools, I show that empathy socialization in two cultures share similarities in terms of interactional routines of typical cultural scripts, its usage as means of inculcating prosocial values and socialities, emphasis on reading facial expressions, and authority of teachers in socialization scenes. At the same time, empathy discourses of two cultures have their own culturally specific features in terms of contents of socialities, flows of empathy, roles of teachers in empathetic actions, and emphasis on intentionality as causes of empathy. The paper discusses these findings in relations to universal foundations of human empathy, context–specific features of socialization, and concepts of selfhood enacted in two cultures.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 한국과 미국의 유아교육기관에서 실천되는 공감(empathy)과 관련된 사회화 담 화를 분석하여 두 문화의 공감 사회화 관습을 비교문화적 관점에서 논의하는 것을 주된 목 적으로 한다. 공감 담화에 관한 분석은 두 문화의 공감 담화가 전형적인 담화의 형식, 친사 회적 가치의 사회화 수단, 얼굴 표정 읽기에 대한 강조, 공감의 해석에 있어서 교사의 권위 라는 측면에서 상당한 유사성을 띠고 있음을 보여준다. 동시에 두 문화의 공감 담화는 공감 을 통해 사회화하는 친사회적 가치의 구체적 내용, 공감의 감정에 참여하는 구성원의 범위 와 감정의 흐름, 공감의 사회화에 있어서 교사의 역할, 의도와 관련된 해석의 측면에서 차이 점을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 논문은 이러한 공감 담화의 유사성과 차이점을 공감이라는 감정이 지닌 범문화적 차원, 사회화 장면의 맥락적 특성, 두 문화에서 강조하는 자아 개념의 차이라는 측면에서 분석하여, 사회화 맥락에서 실천되는 공감의 문화적 보편성과 특수성을 논의한다.

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