Surface and dermal monitoring for toxic exposures

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = ⅸ
• Introduction = 1
• Some Exposure Concerns: Past and Present = 4
• Biological Monitoring = 8
• Work to Be Done = 9
• PARTⅠ : CHEMICAL HAZARDS
• 1 Identifying Chemicals as Hazards = 17
• Dermal Absorption = 17
• Dermal Contact Effects = 27
• Oral Tbxicity = 30
• 2 Factors Affecting Chemical Permeation = 31
• The Skin = 31
• Chemical Characteristics = 36
• Environmental Factors = 40
• Standard Physical Parameters = 42
• 3 Chemical Protective Clothing = 46
• Selection = 46
• Laboratory versus Field Testing = 51
• PARTⅡ : DEVELOPING STRATEGIES FOR SAMPLING
• 4 Assessment of Workplace Exposures = 59
• Determinants of the Potential for and Degree of Contamination = 60
• Methods Used to Monitor Workplace Exposures = 70
• Surface Monitoring for Workplace Concerns = 73
• Dermal Monitoring for Workplace Concerns = 83
• 5 Assessment of Community Exposures = 93
• Potential Hazards = 94
• Sampling Methods Used in the Assessment of Community Exposures = 98
• Surface Monitoring for Community Concerns = 101
• Dermal Monitoring for Community Concerns = 112
• PARTⅢ : SURFACE MONITORING
• 6 Introduction to Surface Monitoring = 121
• Targeted Hazards = 122
• Methods for Identifying Hazards = 127
• Standards for Surface Sampling = 128
• Correlation Between Surface Levels and Airborne Levels = 136
• Surface Sampling for Specific Compounds = 138
• 7 Surface Sampling for Chemicals = 163
• Collection Methods: Overview = 163
• Wipe Sampling = 173
• Adhesive Sampling = 182
• Leaching Methods = 186
• Vacuuming Methods = 186
• Direct Reading Surface Sampling Methods = 190
• Special Situations = 194
• Volatile Surface Contamination = 198
• 8 Surface Sampling for Microorganisms = 208
• Sampling Strategies = 210
• Collection Techniques = 211
• Storage and Shipment of Samples = 217
• Analysis = 217
• Surface Microbial Studies = 219
• 9 Surface Sampling for Low Level Radiation = 229
• Detection Equipment = 231
• Sampling Methods = 234
• Interpretation of Results = 242
• Surface Radiation Studies = 245
• 10 Decontamination = 248
• Determination of the Nature and Extent of Contamination = 248
• Development and Implementation of a Site-Specific Decontamination Plan = 249
• Surface Decontamination Methods = 250
• Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Decontamination = 250
• Decontamination of Chemical Protective Clothing = 258
• PARTⅣ : DERMAL SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
• 11 Introduction to Dermal Monitoring = 265
• Chemical Selection = 265
• Dermal Sampling Methods = 267
• Interpretation of Results = 271
• Setting Values for Compounds Using Toxicity Testing Data = 276
• Comparison of Dermal Monitors with Biological Monitoring Data = 278
• Dermal Monitoring Compounds and Media = 280
• 12 Skin Sampling, PartⅠ : Wiping, Swabbing, and Washing = 289
• Skin Preparation = 289
• Sampling Strategies = 290
• Sampling Methods = 291
• Analysis of Skin Washes and Swabs = 300
• 13 Skin Sampling Methods, PartⅡ : Direct Reading = 302
• Fluorescence = 303
• Direct Examination for Discoloration = 314
• 14 Pad Dosimetry Methods = 321
• Types of Pads = 322
• Preparation and Construction of Pads = 326
• Sampling Strategies = 328
• Sampling Procedures = 332
• EPA Procedure for Sampling Workers Without Impervious CPC = 335
• EPA Procedure for Sampling Workers Wearing Impervious CPC = 336
• WHO Procedure Using Pads = 336
• Storage and Handling = 337
• Analysis = 338
• Calculation or Results = 339
• Future Applications = 342
• 15 Clothing for Dosimetry and Protection = 345
• Hands = 346
• Feet = 350
• Face and Scalp = 350
• Legs = 351
• Torso = 351
• Whole Body Monitoring = 351
• APPENDIXES
• Appendix A: Amines = 365
• Methods = 365
• Studies = 371
• Appendix B: Metals = 376
• Methods = 376
• Studies = 387
• Appendix C: PCBs and TCDDs = 414
• Methods = 416
• Interpretation of Results = 419
• Studies = 422
• Appendix D: Pesticides = 442
• Methods = 442
• Studies = 448
• Index = 545