조선시대 서원 교육정책에 관한 연구 = A Study on Educational Policy towards Seowon in the Joseon Dynasty

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Joseon Dynasty(1392 - 1910) was based on Neo-Confucianism and focused on cultivating talent and edification. So the government established educational institutions especially like those of Sungkyunkwan, Sahak and Hyanggyo. But over time, management of national schools became weak, and private schools, Seowon, appeared in the mid 16th century. Administrative and educational policy towards private schools, Seowon in Joseon Dynasty is studied in this paper. Among the early Seowon the most famous was the Baegundong Seowon established by Chu Se-Bung, in 1543. Subsequently Yi Hwang(the foremost Korean Confucianist philosopher of his age) persuaded the king to bestow a hanging board on this Seowon academy of received learning(Sosu Seowon). Sosu Seowon was the first of the so-called royally charted private academies. Seowon sprang up everywhere by the end of King Seonjo`s reign. The number of royally charted Seowon also increased at the same time. In the early days the government took an affirmative and supportive attitude in establishing private schools bestowing on them books, lands and slaves. But because too many private schools were built, many abuses emerged in the 17th century to avoid military duty and reduction of tax. So In the mid 17th century, the government policy changed from support to regulation and then Seowon could only be founded by government grant. In the mid 18th century, unauthorized Seowon were abolished by the government. By this time hundreds of Seowon possessed large agricultural estates and slaves to work them, and they enjoyed the special privilege of corvee labor and exemption from taxation. As Seowon were ravaging the economic foundation of the state in 1868, Daeweongun(the King Gogong`s father) ordered that taxes be levied on Seowons, and finally, in 1871, he carried out a drastic reduction in their number, closing all but a scattered forty-seven.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이이, "栗谷全書"

2 이성무, "한국의 과거제도" 집문당 1994

3 김춘식, "퇴계의 공직윤리사상에 관한 연구" 단국대학교 대학원 1992

4 노숙향, "조선후기 鄕校敎育의 실상과 改善方案 모색" 순천대학교 교육대학원 2007

5 신천식, "조선전기 향교직관 변천고" 6 : 1978

6 이범직, "조선전기 서원의 교육기능, In 한국사론8: 조선전기의 서원과 향약" 국사편찬위원회 1986

7 "조선왕조실록"

8 김운태, "조선왕조 정치･행정사: 근세편" 박영사 2002

9 윤희면, "조선시대 서원과 양반" 집문당 2004

10 최진옥, "조선시대 생원지사시 장원의 사환"

11 정만조, "조선 서원의 성립과정, In 한국사론 8: 조선전기의 서원과 향약" 1986

12 민병하, "서원의 농장, In 韓國史論8: 朝鮮前期의 書院과 鄕約" 국사편찬위원회 1986

13 한영우, "다시 찾는 우리역사" 경세원 2010

14 김학수, "고시공부는 비교도 안 될 처절한 과거 공부, In 조선양반의 일생" 글항아리 2010

15 정시채, "韓國行政制度史" 법문사 1986

16 이기백, "韓國史新論 (수정판)" 일조각 1990

17 이황, "退溪全書"

18 정락찬, "朝鮮前期 成均館의 敎育課程 및 敎授實際" 5 : 2004

19 정선화, "朝鮮初期 鄕校의 敎育機能에 관한 硏究" 경희대학교 교육대학원 2002

20 박종배, "學規에 나타난 조선시대 서원교육의 이념과 실제" 한국학연구소 33 : 43-73, 2010

21 정진옥, "學規分析을 通한 朝鮮時代 書院의 敎育機能 硏究" 경북대학교 교육대학원 2010