Economic consequences of climate related fiscal measures: The case of reducing carbon emissions in Uganda = 기후 관련 재정 조치의 경제적 결과: 우간다의 탄소 배출 감소

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is a region particularly vulnerable to climate change which exacerbates poverty and derails development goals. This study examines the long-run impact on Uganda's economy of climate induced revenue generation (tax) and expenditures (subsidies), as well as up to date findings on climate in debt and money spending and our research findings. However, it should be noted that many of Uganda's tax expenditures fail to correlate with a climate condition change for eligibility adjustment. Using the RICE50+ Integrated Assessment Model, the economy of Uganda and climate was projected over the next century based on four distinct policy scenarios: the No-Policy Baseline and the Optimal (SSP1-2.6), Middle Road (SSP2- 4.5) and Worst Case (SSP5-8.5). Ultimately, findings conclude that while Uganda's climate contribution neither helps nor hinders projected global climate baselines, the No-Policy generates significant climate damages in 2200 that can compound from 2200 to 7-8% of all productivity. The Optimal (SSP1-2.6) is determined to be the most beneficial and best-cost approach to creating net economic gain while reducing compounded climate damages. These results also indicate that for Uganda, adaptation should be the priority relative to global efforts because no country does enough relative to the overall baselines to make a difference. Therefore, it's better to spend greater amounts on adaptation.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract i
• Table of Contents iii
• List of Tables vi
• List of Figures vii
• List of acronyms viii
• Chapter 1. Introduction 1
• Chapter 2. Literature Review 9
• 2.1. Climate change and the African Economic Imperative 9
• 2.2. Theoretical and fiscal rationale for mitigation 10
• 2.2.1. The challenge of fiscal trade-offs in developing economies 11
• 2.3. The rationale for dynamic Integrated Assessment 12
• 2.4. Research gap and contribution 12
• Chapter 3. Methodology 14
• 3.1. Research design 14
• 3.2. Description of the study area 15
• 3.2.1. Climatology of the Study Area 17
• 3.3. Systematic literature review planning and protocol 18
• 3.4. Setting up and specifying the RICE 50+ model 24
• 3.4.1. Model specification 24
• 3.4.2. Parameterization for Uganda 25
• 3.4.3. Data type and description 25
• 3.4.4. Designing scenarios 26
• 3.4.5. Putting the model into action 26
• 3.4.6. Validation and calibration of the model 27
• 3.5. Data analysis 28
• Chapter 4. Results 30
• 4.1. Climate related fiscal measures and mitigation policies under key emitting se
• ctors (AFOLU, energy, transport, waste, IPPU) 30
• 4.2. Regional context and model linkage 40
• 4.3. Macroeconomic and climate outcomes for Uganda under the model 41
• Chapter 5. Discussion 46
• 5.1. What climate related fiscal measures have been implemented in Uganda to re
• duce greenhouse gas emissions in Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AF
• OLU), Energy, Transport, Waste and Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU)
• sectors? (RQ1) 47
• 5.1.1. Taxes and fees 47
• 5.1.2. Incentives and subsidies 49
• 5.1.3. Public investment as a fiscal tool 50
• 5.2. What are the specific mitigation actions associated with these measures in eac
• h sector? (RQ2) 52
• 5.2.1. Mitigation measures in the energy and transport sectors 52
• 5.2.2. Mitigation measures in the AFOLU sector 53
• 5.2.3. Mitigation measures in the waste and IPPU sectors 54
• 5.3. Macroeconomic and climate outcomes for Uganda under the model 55
• 5.4. Recommendation 57
• Chapter 6. Conclusion 59
• References 61
• 국문 초록 78
• Appendix 80
• Acknowledgements 98