생성형 AI 개인화 피드백과 게임화 시각적 피드백 요소가 학습 동기, 몰입, 학습 지속성에 미치는 영향 = The Effects of Generative AI Personalized Feedback and Gamified Visual Feedback Elements on Learning Motivation, Immersion, and Learning Persistence

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

As generative AI (GAI) rapidly spreads across language-learning platforms, personalized learning is increasingly adopted. While prior studies focus on GAI-enabled instruction or the motivational effects of gamification, they rarely examine how feedback presentation and gamified visual design jointly shape learning motivation, immersion, and outcomes. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory (SDT), this study investigates how GAI personalized feedback and gamified visual elements influence learning motivation, immersive experience, performance, and learning persistence via autonomy and competence. Using survey data and structural equation modeling (SEM), the results show that GAI feedback enhances autonomy and competence, thereby strengthening motivation, while gamified visual design most strongly boosts immersive learning. Motivation also mediates the relationship between performance and persistence. These findings offer theoretical support for the feedback–motivation–behavior pathway and practical guidance for optimizing interface design and personalized feedback in AI-assisted learning platforms.