미국의 필리핀 식민 통치에서 나타난 발전 담론: 모로 주(Moro Province) 군정을 중심으로, 1898~1920 = Envisioning Development in the Philippines under U.S. Colonial Rule: An Analysis of the Military Government in the Moro Province, 1898-1920

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 논문은 필리핀 식민지 무슬림 다수 지역을 대상으로 한 군정 통치 담론을 분석함으로써 20세기 전반 미국에서 유통된 사회 발전 관념의 계보를 재구성하고, 특수한 발전 담론의 생산자로서 미군을 조명한다. 필리핀 식민화 직후 남부에서 ‘모로 주’라는 행정구역을 통치한 미 육군 장교들은 에스파냐 제국, 필리핀인 엘리트, 미국 민간 관료 집단과의 관념적 경쟁 속에서 현지 사정과 군정의 필요에 맞춘 식민지 발전 담론과 정책을 형성했다. 군정은 그 특성상 미 식민 당국이 필리핀 통치를 정당화하기 위해 내세웠던 정치적 수사를 활용하기 어려웠다. 따라서 군정에 참여한 군인이나 군정을 옹호하려는 언론인들이 만들어낸 담론은 전제적 또는 폭압적인 정치 형태에도 불구하고 사회와 경제를 발전시킬 수 있음을 보이고자 했다. 궁극적으로 이 논문은 미국 식민 통치 및 발전 담론 생산의 주체로서 군대와 군인의 역할을 진지하게 고려해야 할 필요성을 주장한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article reconstructs a genealogy of developmentalism in the early twentieth century by focusing on the discourses created and circulated by U.S. military government in the southern Philippines. Between 1903 and 1913, the island of Mindanao and the Sulu archipelago were governed by the military as a separate administrative region called Moro Province. The continuing armed conflicts in the area justified the necessity of the military government; still, there existed a real and imagined rivalry between the civil and military officials, as well as between Spanish and American colonial authorities and between American and Filipino elites within the Philippine colonial government. In order to defend the military government and advertise their accomplishments, U.S. army officers and their allies actively circulated discourses about the ‘Moro’ peoples and the military administration of the territory that championed a specific form of socioeconomic development.
These army officers’ discourses resulted from a range of complex factors, including preconceived notions about race and savagery, the fissures between those notions and the realities in the Philippines, and the desire to justify and embellish the army’s efforts in the colony. Ultimately, I contend that historians should pay more attention to the U.S. military and its army officers as agents of colonial government and producers of developmentalist discourses.

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