Determination and Effects of N and Si Fertilization Levels on Grain Quality andPests of Rice after Winter Green-house Water-melon Cropping

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In Korea, rice cultivars have been changing to “quality” rice rather than high yielding cultivars. However, more than 10% of paddy field has been changed to greenhouse in winter season for cropping of water-melon, oriental-melon, straw berry and et cetra.
This experiment has been made to identify the usefulness of critical N and Si fertilization(SF) level to obtain high grain quality rice with reduced insect pest damage by N and SF combination. Before the experiment, watermelon-rice cropping system was maintained for three seasons by farmer from 1998 to 2001. The experiment of N and Si (silicate) fertilization levels was evaluated with Hwayoung-byeo (Oryza sativa L., medium-maturing variety) in 2002 and 2003 in Uiryeong, Korea.
Nitrogen fertilization (NF) levels were three and five in 2002 and 2003, respectively, and three SF levels were compared for getting the valuable N/SF level in both years. TOYO-value was positively affected by Si application in N100% plot but it was negatively related with NF level. Normal grain percentage was positively related with TOYO-value and it was highest in 0N plot and Si plots in N100%. Other appearance qualities like powdered, damaged, and cracked grain, were decreased with increasing N fertilization level.
SF improved appearance quality in N100% plots but no effects in other treatments. Leaf sheath related diseases were significantly decreased by SF but it was negatively related with NF.
In conclusion, SF could be improve grain quality at the same yield levels of conventional fertilization and it also could be reduce the diseases damages of rice plant in all N treatments. NF treatment reduced grain quality and improved grain yield at N50% level, however NF above N50% could not get any kind of benefits. So, compared with conventional fertilizer, reduced NF level is recommended for high grain quality with reduced insect pest damage.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In Korea, rice cultivars have been changing to “quality” rice rather than high yielding cultivars. However, more than 10% of paddy field has been changed to greenhouse in winter season for cropping of water-melon, oriental-melon, straw berry and et cetra.
This experiment has been made to identify the usefulness of critical N and Si fertilization(SF) level to obtain high grain quality rice with reduced insect pest damage by N and SF combination. Before the experiment, watermelon-rice cropping system was maintained for three seasons by farmer from 1998 to 2001. The experiment of N and Si (silicate) fertilization levels was evaluated with Hwayoung-byeo (Oryza sativa L., medium-maturing variety) in 2002 and 2003 in Uiryeong, Korea.
Nitrogen fertilization (NF) levels were three and five in 2002 and 2003, respectively, and three SF levels were compared for getting the valuable N/SF level in both years. TOYO-value was positively affected by Si application in N100% plot but it was negatively related with NF level. Normal grain percentage was positively related with TOYO-value and it was highest in 0N plot and Si plots in N100%. Other appearance qualities like powdered, damaged, and cracked grain, were decreased with increasing N fertilization level.
SF improved appearance quality in N100% plots but no effects in other treatments. Leaf sheath related diseases were significantly decreased by SF but it was negatively related with NF.
In conclusion, SF could be improve grain quality at the same yield levels of conventional fertilization and it also could be reduce the diseases damages of rice plant in all N treatments. NF treatment reduced grain quality and improved grain yield at N50% level, however NF above N50% could not get any kind of benefits. So, compared with conventional fertilizer, reduced NF level is recommended for high grain quality with reduced insect pest damage.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Chung, "The effects of silicate nitrogen and potassium on the incidence of rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara" 56-62, 1980

2 Kim, "Study on the improvement of rice quality Effect of chemical composition in brawn rice" 357-363, 1992

3 Kim, "Study on the improvement of rice quality Effect of chemical composition in brawn rice" 357-363, 1992

4 Volk, "Silicon content of the rice plant as a factor influenceing its resistance to infection by the blast fungus" 179-48 184, 1958

5 A, "Role of silica in resistance to Asiatic rice borer" Chilo suppressalis 347-351, 1967

6 Park, C.Y.,, "Rice cultivation on reducing excessive soil fertility and rice growth in continuous vegetable cropped greenhouse soil" 3 : 736-741, 2004

7 Sharma, "Relationship of date of transplanting spacings and levels of nitrogen on the incidence of rice leaf-folder in Haryana" 338-339, 1980

8 Marchetti, "Potential impact of sheath blight on yield and milling quality of short-statured rice lines in the United States" 162-165, 1983

9 Ma, K.C., "Occurrence of major rice pests at different transplanting times and fertilizer levels in paddy field" 35 : 132-, 1996

10 Groth, "Nowick" 76 : 721-723, m

11 Kang, Y.S.,, "Influences of silicate application on rice grain quality" 42 (42): 800-804, 1997

12 Jung, Y.T.,, "Improvement of paddy soils acidified by the water inflow from potential acid sulfate soil in tertiary deposits" 39 (39): 1-7, 1997

13 Kraker, J.D.,, "Impact of nitrogenous-fertilization on the population dynamics and natural control of rice leaf-folders(Lep.: Pyralidae)." 46 : 225-235, 2000

14 Hayasaka, T.,, "How dose silicon nfluence on resistance of rice blast disease?." Second Silicon in Agriculture Conference Organized by Silicon in Agriculture Organizing Committee and Japanese Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 243-246, 2002

15 Lee, "Fate of inorganic nitrogen by addition of silica materials on the fresh soil condition" koh : 61-68, 1975

16 Nam, M.H.,, "Effects of long-term application of fertilizer and damages of disease and pest on rice quality" 37 (37): 68-73, 1995

17 Lee, "Effects of 23-years successive application of N K and organic matter on rice yield and quality" 332-339, 1991

18 Cu, R. M.,, "Effect of sheath blight on yield in tropical, intensive rice production system." 80 : 1103-1108, 1996

19 Sharma, "Effect of rice growth stage on sheath blight" -15, 199019-20

20 Lee, "Effect of organic matter and silica on N-fertilizer responmse in paddy soils" 172-29 178, 1987

21 Yoshida, "Chemical aspects of the role of silicon in physiology of rice plant" 1-15 58, 1965

22 Deren CW, "Changes in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of silicon-fertilized rice grown on organic soil" 20 (20): 765-771, 1997

23 Lee, "Application effect in split doses of silicate fertilizers on rice plant" 155-161, 1974

24 NIAST, "Analysis methods of soil and plant" (11-1390093-000055-01.) : 2000