원불교 수행의 시대적 실천 모색 : 상시훈련법을 중심으로- = An Examination of a Contemporarily Practical Way of Won-Buddhism’s Practice -Focus on The Dharma of Daily Training

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to examine practical ways of
Won-buddhism’s practice focused on the Dharma of daily training in
contemporary context. The Dharma of daily training is, with the
Dharma of fixed-term training, a whole structure to do the
Won-buddhism’s practice. It helps to develop together the Threefold
Study both in action and rest in daily life.
It seems that developing practical ways of the Dharma of daily
training (Items of heedfulness in daily application and Items of
heedfulness regarding temple visits) are necessary in this fast-changing
society. Life style has been changing and its speed is growing fast as
time goes. Therefore it is required to study about contemporary society
and how to practice Won-buddhism.
This study shows principles and methods of Won-buddhism’s Practice
in the beginning, then it also shows the trait of Won-buddhism’s
Practice as developing together Belief and Practice, developing together
the threefold study, the threefold study both in action and rest. Those
represent that Won-buddhism’s Practice is based on the truth of
Il-Won-Sang. The study indicates the structure of Dharma of training
and how they are connected to Won-buddhism’s Practice focused on
the traits. For example, Items of heedfulness in daily application is
designed to develop together the Threefold study in action and rest in
daily basis.
The study indicate the feature of contemporary society focused on
the change of social and mental environment as acceleration,
informatization and individualization which represent the life experience
of people in comtemporary society. Those people are exhausted by
adapting rapid social changes and receiving all the data around world.
They have been more free but also felt more lonely in their own
boundaries. It the crucial subject of the study that how could they do
the threefold study in action and rest with Items of heedfulness in daily
applications in those condition.
The study suggests the answer in three ways: The threefold study in
action(the study of checking sound mind, the study of thinking, the
study of doing righteous), Practice in daily work and Practice of
obtaining appraisal. Each of these is about practical ways of ‘the first
item of heedfulness in daily application: In all your applications, be
heedful to make choices with sound thought, whole items of
heedfulness in daily applications, whole items of heedfulness regarding
temple visits’
The Truth of Il-Won-Sang and the original nature of human are permanent. So does the fact that you should develop together the
threefold study both in action and rest with belief in the Truth of
Il-Won-Sang in order to be one with the Truth. However there are
general trait or tendency of people’s behavior according to conditions of
their time. This study does not suggest to find new ways of Practice
but seek better ways among many ways of Won-Buddhism’s practice
considering traits of comtemporary society which effect human life.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문의 목적은 상시훈련법을 중심으로 시대적 맥락에서 원불교 수행의
실천 방안을 모색해보는 것이다. 상시훈련법은 정기훈련법과 함께 원불교 수
행을 실천하는 큰 틀을 이루고 있으며, 생활 속에서 동·정간 삼학병진을 단련
하는 원리로 이뤄져 있다.
그러나 필자는 변화하는 시대를 따라 상시훈련법의 상시응용주의사항과 교
당내왕시주의사항에 대한 실천적 모색이 필요하다고 보았다. 시대에 따라 사
람들의 생활 방식은 변화하고, 현대에 와서는 그 속도가 급격히 증가하였기
때문이다. 그러므로 현시대의 분석과 그에 따른 원불교 수행의 실천 방안의
모색이 필요한 것이다.
이를 위해 필자는 먼저 원불교 수행의 원리와 방법을 살펴보고 원불교 수
행의 특징을 ‘신앙과 수행의 병진, 삼학 병진, 동·정간 삼학 수행’으로 정리해
보았다. 이는 원불교 수행이 진리에 근거한 것임을 잘 나타낸다. 다음으로 원
불교 훈련법의 구조를 살펴보고, 상시응용주의사항과 교당내왕시주의사항이
어떻게 원불교 수행과 연결되는지 그 특징을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 예를 들어,
상시응용주의사항은 하루를 놓고 공부인이 동하고 정하는 사이에 삼학을 병진
하도록 구성되어 있다.
현대 사회의 시대적 특징은 과학 문명의 발달에 따른 사회적 심리적 변화
- ii -
를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 가속화·정보화·개인화는 현시대를 살아가는 사람들
의 모습을 표현하고 있다. 그들은 빠른 변화에 적응하고 많은 정보를 소화하
느라 지쳐있으며, 자유를 얻는 대신 외로운 세상을 살아가고 있다. 이러한 상
황에 처한 사람들이 어떻게 상시훈련법을 통해 동·정간 삼학병진을 실천할 수
있을까 하는 것이 본 논문의 핵심 주제라 하겠다.
이에 대한 답변으로 필자는 동시 삼학 수행(온전한 마음을 챙기는 공부, 생
각하는 공부, 정의를 실천하는 공부), 일과를 통한 수행, 감정을 받는 수행을
제시하였다. 이들은 각각 ‘상시응용주의사항 1조: 응용하는데 온전한 생각으로
취사하기를 주의할 것이요’, 상시응용주의사항 육조, 교당내왕시주의사항 육조
에 대한 시대적 실천 방안을 다루고 있다.
원불교 수행의 표본인 일원상의 진리나 우리의 본성은 영원히 변하지 않을
것이다. 또한 신앙과 수행을 병진하고 동·정간 삼학병진을 통해 진리와 하나
가 될 수 있다는 사실에도 변함이 없을 것이다. 그러나 시대를 따라 사람들이
가지는 경향이나 습성은 있을 수 있을 것이다. 본 논문은 원불교 수행의 새로
운 실천 방법을 제시하는 것이 아니라 시대적 특성을 고려하여 여러 방법들
중 더 효과적인 방법을 찾아 제안하는 것이다. 이 연구를 통해 보다 많은 공
부인들이 생활 속에서 원불교 수행을 실천할 수 있기를 희망한다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서론
• 1. 연구의 목적 ········································································· 1
• 2. 선행 연구 ············································································ 3
• 3. 연구의 내용 ········································································· 5
• II. 원불교 수행의 원리와 방법
• 1. 원불교 수행의 원리 ···························································· 7
• 1) 진공묘유(眞空妙有) ································································· 7
• 2) 공·원·정(空圓正) ····································································· 9
• 3) 원만구족 지공무사(圓滿具足 至公無私) ····························· 11
• 2. 원불교 수행의 방법 ························································· 12
• III. 원불교 수행의 특징
• 1. 신앙과 수행의 병진(竝進) ··············································· 16
• 2. 삼학(三學)병진 수행 ························································ 18
• 3. 동·정간(動靜間) 삼학 수행 ············································· 21
• IV. 훈련법을 통한 원불교 수행
• 1. 원불교 훈련법의 의미와 구조 ········································· 24
• 1) 훈련법의 의미 ········································································ 24
• 2) 훈련법의 구조 ········································································ 25
• 2. 훈련법을 통한 원불교 수행 ············································ 27
• 1) 정기훈련법 ············································································· 26
• 2) 상시훈련법 ············································································· 31
• (1) 상시응용주의사항과 원불교 수행 ·············································· 33
• (2) 교당내왕시주의사항과 원불교 수행 ·········································· 34
• V. 원불교 수행의 시대적 실천 모색
• 1. 현대 사회의 특징 ····························································· 36
• 1) 가속화 ····················································································· 36
• 2) 정보화 ····················································································· 39
• 3) 개인화 ····················································································· 41
• 2. 원불교 수행의 시대적 실천 모색 ··································· 44
• 1) 동시(動時) 삼학 수행 ··························································· 44
• (1) 온전한 마음을 챙기는 공부 ······················································· 46
• (2) 생각하는 공부 ············································································· 48
• (3) 정의(正義)를 실천하는 공부 ······················································ 50
• 2) 일과(日課)를 통한 수행 ························································ 51
• 3) 감정을 받는 수행 ·································································· 54
• VI. 결론 ······································································· 58