국내의 첨단산업 지역형성 및 입지요인에 대한 통계학적 연구, 1950-1997 준실험계획법을 통한 평가 = Statistical Analysis of the Formation and Location Factors of High-Tech Centers in the United States, 1950-1997: An Evaluation Using A Quasi-Experimental Control Group Method

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Using a quasi-experimental control group method, the study identifies the formation period of high-tech centers in the U.S. and what location factors contributed significantly to the formation of high-tech centers during the period. The high-tech centers are substantially formed during the 1970-1980 period in the United States. Although high-tech industry has their development during the 1940s or 1950s, its maturity into high-tech centers (or regions) comes true in the 1970-1980 period. High-tech services play a leading role in the formation of high-tech centers during the 1970-1980 period. Meanwhile, high-tech manufacturing plays a minor role because of its decentralization into non-metropolitan areas. Most of typical location factors do not play a role in the formation high-tech centers during the 1970-1980 period in the United States. This finding confirms that high-tech centers are established spontaneously without specific planning or policy efforts in the formation. More careful approach and interpretation of research results, however, sheds valuable insights that a local educated and affluent class could contribute significant to the formation of high-tech centers by improving the quality of life.Universities and university-affiliated research institutions are important in incubating and spinning off such educated and affluent class who indicates a higher statistical relation with the formation of high-tech centers in the United States.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 미국내의 첨단산업 지역형성과 이에 의미있는 영향을 주는 입지요인에 대한 검증을 목적으로 계획되었다. 준실험계획법을 통해서 미국의 군(County) 단위에서 첨단산업군(High-tech Group) 과 유사군 (Twin Group) 을 설정하였다. 유사군은 기준년도인 1950년에 첨단산업군과 가장 유사한 사회,경제적 조건을 가졌었지만 최종년도인 1997년에는 첨단산업이 발전하지 못했던 지역들(Counties)로 구성하였다.

이 연구를 통해서 세가지 중요한 발견들이 도출되었다. 첫째는 미국내에서 첨단산업지역은 1970년대에 형성되었다는 점이다. 비록 첨단산업 자체가 발전한 것은 1940년대 혹은 1950년대로 거슬러 올라가지만 이들이 첨단산업지역으로 발전하는데는 20 내지 30년정도의 기간이 소모되었다는 것이다. 두번째, 1970년대의 기간동안에 특히 첨단 서비스업종이 첨단산업 지역을 형성하는데 중요한 역할을 했다는 점이다. 반면에 첨단 제조업은 상대적으로 그 기여도가 첨단 서비스업에 비해 미약했다. 세번째, 지역내의 의사의 비율을 제외한 대부분의 첨단산업 입지요인들은 1970년대동안 첨단산업 지역형성에 큰 역할을 하지 못했는데, 이는 첨단산업 지역의 자생적 발생 및 발전이론을 뒷받침해 주는 것이다.

이러한 연구결과들을 토대로 좀더 심도있는 접근 및 해석을 통해서 몇가지 통찰력을 얻을 수 있었다. 우선은 지역내에 거주하고 있는 고등교육을 받은 부유한 계층들이 삶의 질의 개선을 통해서 첨단산업 입지의 미끼로써의 역할을 했을 것에 대한 가능성을 볼 수 있었다. 지역내의 연구대학들과 대학 의료센터들은 그러한 고등교육을 받은 부유한 계층들을 생산하는 중요한 기관들로써 역할을 해 주었다는 점을 생각할 때에 이러한 기관들에 대한 장기적인 투자의 중요성이 다시 상기시켜주었다.

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