중학생의 기질, 성격, 지능, 성적의 관계에서의 성차 = Sex Differences in the Relationship among Temperament, Character, Intelligence, and School Achievement of Middle School Students

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study analyzed, using a path model, the sex differences between male and female subjects in the ways that temperament and intelligence(IQ) of middle school students influence their character development and school achievement. Based on previous studies, hypotheses 1 was: the different relationships between temperament and intelligence in each sex, and hypothesis2 was: the different mediators between temperament or intelligence and school record in each sex, i.e. in the male group, self-directedness, and in the female, cooperativeness. For the research aims, a total of 351 middle school students (male=151, female=200) completed the JTCI, an intelligence test battery, and questionnaires about school records. There were significant differences in temperament and character between male and female subject groups: the female group showed higher Reword Dependence and the male higher Self-directedness. In the analysis of the path model, in the case of the male group, the intelligence showed a significant co-variation with Harm Avoidance in a negative direction, but the intelligence showed no direct effect either on Self-directedness or on the school record; only the Harm Avoidance had a direct effect on Self-directedness. There was also no mediating effect of Self-directedness between factors. In the female group, the path model was as significant in identifying that intelligence showed a significant positive co-variation with persistence among the temperament factors. And here, persistence had a direct effect on cooperativeness, and also cooperativeness showed a significant mediating effect between persistence and school record. The study suggested that we need different educational approaches and counseling for the sexes in the dimension of personality and achievement.

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