A Qualitative study to overcome the barriers of Muslim Female Athletes regarding dress code in Pakistan = 무슬림 여성 운동 선수들의 권리 강화: 파키스탄 의상규정 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In Islam, there is a strong emphasis on promoting good health and
fitness, encouraging individuals of all genders to actively engage in physical
activities for the purpose of maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Islam not only
permits but also encourages sports and recreational pursuits, which not only
provide physical benefits but also offer relief to the mind and spirit. Howev?er, Islamic teachings impose limitations on certain aspects of sports, specifi?cally prohibiting Muslim women from participating in mixed-gender sports.
Unfortunately, many Muslim female athletes face obstacles when at?tempting to participate in sports, often due to misinterpretations of religious
teachings or a lack of awareness regarding women's rights in sports. To support the significance of exercise and fitness for women, this research paper
draws upon evidence from the Holy Quran and Hadith.
In Pakistan, sports physical activities have long been dominated by
men, posing substantial challenges for the participation of Muslim female in
international completions. These challenges predominantly arise from dress
code requirements and religious restrictions that limit the involvement of
Muslim female athletes in sporting events. In Pakistan, Muslim female athletes face multiple barriers related to sports attire.
Recognizing the concerning circumstances surrounding Muslim female athletes in sports competitions, proactive measures have been taken to
address these challenges. The main focus of this research is to explore the
experiences of Muslim female athletes with regard to dress code in sports.
The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the obstacles
faced by Muslim female athletes in Pakistan, due to religious affecting dress
code. By the end of the study, recommendations and suggestions will be
presented to empower Muslim female athletes in Pakistan, with a particular
emphasis on overcoming barriers associated with dress code in sports.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이슬람에서는 건강과 피트니스를 촉진하고, 건강한 생활을
유지하기 위해 모든 성별의 개인들이 적극적으로 신체활동에
참여하도록 강조한다. 이슬람은 운동과 여가 활동을 허용할 뿐만
아니라 적극적으로 권장하며 신체적 이점을 제공하며 마음과
영혼에 안정감을 줍니다. 그러나 이슬람 교훈은 일부 운동 측면에
제한을 두고 있으며, 특히 성별 혼합 스포츠에 참여하는 것을
금지하고 있다.
많은 무슬림 여성 운동 선수들은 종종 종교 교훈을 잘못
해석하거나 여성의 스포츠 권리에 대한 인식 부족 때문에 운동에
참여하기 어려움을 겪고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 여성을 위한
운동과 피트니스의 중요성을 지원하기 위해 꾸란과 하디스에서의
증거를 참고한다. 파키스탄에서는 스포츠 신체 활동이 오랫동안
남성들에 의해 지배되어 왔으며, 이로 인해 무슬림 여성의 국제
대회 참가에 도전하고 있다. 이러한 도전은 주로 의상 요구 사항과
종교적 제한 때문에 무슬림 여성 운동 선수들의 참여를 제한한다.
파키스탄에서는 무슬림 여성 운동 선수들이 스포츠 의상과
관련하여 여러 가지 장벽을 직면하고 있다. 무슬림 여성 운동
선수들의 스포츠 경험을 탐구하는 것을 주요 목적으로 본
연구에서는 종교적인 영향으로 인한 의상 규정과 관련된 장애물에
대한 포괄적인 이해를 제공하고자 한다. 파키스탄의 무슬림 여성
운동 선수들이 종교적인 영향으로 인해 직면하는 장애물을
탐구하며 스포츠에서 의상 규정과 관련된 장애물을 극복하기 위해
파키스탄의 무슬림 여성 운동 선수들을 활성화하기 위한 권고와
제안이 제시되어있다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• ACKNOWLEDGMENT i
• ABSTRACT iii
• TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
• LIST OF TABLES ix
• 1. Chapter 1. Introduction 1
• 1.1 Background of the study 1
• 1.2 Purpose of the study 12
• 1.3 Research Questions 12
• 2. Chapter.2 Literature Review 14
• 2.1 Islam and Sports-A Perceptional Overview 16
• 2.2 Muslim females in Islam 21
• 2.3 Hijab and sports-dress code of Muslim female 24
• 2.4 Muslim female in Sports-Constraints and Challenges 26
• 2.5 Muslim Female Athletes in Pakistan 28
• 2.6 Muslim Females Athletes in Sports- National and International Platform 32
• 2.7 Dress Code- A Challenge or Empowerment for Muslim Female Athletes 36
• 2.7.1 Challenges 36
• 2.7.2 Muslim female: Persecution and Empowerment 39
• 2.7.3 Empowering Muslim Female Athletes in Sports: initiatives and performance 41
• 3. Chapter 3. Methodology 46
• 3.1 Qualitative Research Approach 46
• 3.2 Research Participants 47
• Table.1 48
• Participant details 48
• 3.3 In-depth interviews 49
• 3.4 Data collection 51
• 3.5 Data Analysis 52
• 3.6 Strategies for Trustworthiness of Data 53
• 4. Chapter 4. Findings 55
• 4.1. Themes Identification 57
• 4.2. Themes of RQ.1 59
• 4.2.1. Islamic viewpoints on female sports 59
• 4.2.2. Wrong interpretations of religion 61
• 4.2.3. Artificial created cultural views 63
• 4.3. Themes of RQ.2 67
• 4.3.1. Developing interest in sports 67
• 4.3.2. Difficulties with the sports attire 69
• 4.3.3. Parental involvement 74
• 4.3.4. Lack of resources and facilities 77
• 4.3.5. Negative social experiences 79
• 4.4. Themes of RQ.3 82
• 4.4.1. Non-Flexible Institutional Policies 83
• 4.4.2. Raising an Empowered Generation 86
• 4.4.3. Promote diversity 88
• 5. Chapter 5. Discussion 91
• 5.1 Islamic protocols for females in Context of Sports 91
• 5.2 Experiences of the Muslim female athletes regarding dress code in
• Sports 95
• 5.3 National and International sports organizations influence Muslim female athletes 99
• 5.4 Recommendations 102
• 5.5 Conclusion 103
• 5.6 Limitations of the study 105
• References 106