Imaging Findings of Pneumothorax Caused by Bronchial Cartilage Hypoplasia in a Dog

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A 10-year-old, castrated poodle dog presented with a cough for 2 weeks, and the cough initially developed since very young age. On radiographs, pneumothorax was noticed by characteristics of radiolucent area without pulmonary markings along the thoracic wall and diaphragm, retracted lung lobes from the thoracic wall and severely decreased volume of the left cranial lung lobe with disconnected bronchus. Computed tomography (CT) findings identified several pulmonary air-filled cysts and collapsed lung with abnormal shape and non-tapered end of bronchus, bronchioles at the accessory lobe and left cranial lobe. Also, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema were found. Imaging diagnosis was the spontaneous pneumothorax caused by ruptured emphysematous bullae associated with congenital bronchial cartilage abnormality or bronchial tree malformation. On surgery, hypoplasia of the left cranial lobe, right middle lobe, and accessory lobe with a bulla where air was leaking was identified. The accessory lobe was partially resected and bronchial cartilage hypoplasia was confirmed by histopathologic examination.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Mittlehner W, "Value of computed tomography in the detection of bullae and blebs in patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax" 59 : 221-227, 1992

2 Jennifer JA, "Use of computed tomography for evaluation of lung lesions associated with spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs: 12 cases (1999-2002)" 228 : 733-737, 2006

3 Lee CM, "Unusual congenital pulmonary anomaly with presumed left lung hypoplasia in a young dog" 55 : 274-277, 2014

4 Herve NB, "Thoracoscopic treatment of bullous emphysema in 3 dogs" 32 : 524-529, 2003

5 Yasufuku K, "The effectiveness of thin-section computed tomography in diagnosing bullous lesions in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax" 37 : 953-957, 1999

6 Puerto DA, "Surgical and nonsurgical management of and selected risk factors for spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs : 64 cases(1986-1999)" 220 : 1670-1674, 2002

7 Holtsinger RH, "Spontaneous pneumothorax in the dog : a retrospective analysis of 21casese" 29 : 195-210, 1993

8 Valentine A, "Spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs" 18 : 53-62, 1996

9 Victoria JL, "Spontaneous pneumothorax caused by pulmonary blebs and bullae in 12 dogs" 39 : 435-445, 2003

10 Holtsinger RH, "Spontaneous pneumothorax" 17 : 197-210, 1995

11 Jennifer AR, "Sensitivity, positive predictive value, and interobserver variability of computed tomography in the diagnosis of bullae associated with spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs:19 cases (2003-2012)" 243 : 244-251, 2013

12 Chen S, "Prenatal diagnosis of primary pulmonary hypoplasia in fraternal twins" 35 : 113-116, 2010

13 Anderson WI, "Multifocal bullous emphysema with concurrent bronchial hypoplasia in two aged afghan hounds" 100 : 469-473, 1989

14 Yoshioka MM, "Management of spontaneous pneumothorax in twelve dogs" 18 : 57-62, 1982

15 Garcia F, "Fuente J : Examination of the thoracic cavity and lung lobectomy by means of thoracoscopy in dogs" 39 : 285-291, 1998

16 Schramel FMNH, "Current aspects of spontaneous pneumothorax" 10 : 1372-1379, 1997

17 Olivier L, "Computed tomography in the etiologic assessment of idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax" 98 : 341-347, 1990

18 Watanabe K, "Bullous lesions detected by computed tomography" 4 : 119-123, 1986

19 Murphy DM, "Bullous disease of the lung. Pulmonary diseases and disorders" McGraw-Hill 1219-2793, 1988