Influence of External Scapular Stabilization on the Isometric Strength of Shoulder Flexor in the Sitting Position in Subjects with Scapular Winging

( Tae-jin Jang ),( Byeong-hun Hwang ),( In-cheol Jeon ) 대한물리치료학회 2021 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.33 No.5

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the influence of external scapular stabilization on the isometric strength of shoulder flexor muscle in subjects with and without scapular winging and conditions with and without external scapular stabilization. Methods: A total of 30 subjects with and without scapular winging were enrolled. Two groups were classified using clinical and diag-nostic tests to divide the groups with and without scapular winging (15 with scapular winging 15 without scapular winging). The iso-metric strength of the shoulder flexor was measured using a tensiometer. The isometric strength was evaluated in the sitting position with and without an external scapular stabilization. The external scapular stabilization was provided with the examiner’s hand to fix scapular winging during shoulder flexion. The changing value was calculated to determine the isometric strength difference between shoulder flexion with and without the external scapular stabilization in each group. The changing value between isometric strength of shoulder flexor with and without scapular winging was compared using the independent t-test. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: In the group with scapular winging, the shoulder flexor isometric strength in the sitting position was greater with an external scapular stabilization than without an external scapular stabilization (p< 0.05). There was no significant difference in the shoulder flexor isometric strength in the subjects without scapular winging between conditions with or without an external scapular stabilization (p >0.05). Conclusion: The external scapular stabilization in the individuals with scapular winging may increase shoulder flexor isometric strength in the sitting position.

Factors Associated with Disease Stabilization of Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis

김용성,Mamer S. Rosario,Hwan Seong Cho,한일규 대한정형외과학회 2020 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.12 No.1

Background: Spontaneous disease stabilization of desmoid-type fibromatosis (DF) has been demonstrated in many reports, and the watchful waiting approach without any frontline treatment is becoming popular as an initial management strategy. In this study, we aimed to assess the disease stabilization rate and identify predictive factors for disease stabilization of DF in patients with conservative treatment. Methods: We reviewed 76 patients with sporadic extra-abdominal DF who were managed with frontline conservative treatment in our institute. The minimum follow-up was 12 months. Stabilization was defined as radiological evidence of no change or continuous decrease in size of the tumor for six months or more. The primary endpoint was stabilization of DF. Possible patient-, disease-, and treatment-related factors predictive of disease stabilization were analyzed with multivariate analysis. Results: At final follow-up, 54 of the 76 tumors (71%) were stable, and mean time to stabilization was 30.4 months (range, 7 to 112 months). On Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the spontaneous stabilization rate was 25.4% at one year, 52.7% at two years, and 70.9% at three years. The mean time to spontaneous stabilization was longer in patients with ≤ 40 years of age (p = 0.022) or recurrence (p = 0.041). On multivariate analysis with the Cox proportional hazard method, recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 1.79; p = 0.041) and younger age (HR, 2.04; p = 0.022) were identified as independent prognostic factors for longer time to disease stabilization. Conclusions: Frontline conservative treatment seems to be the optimal treatment for most patients with DF. Younger patients or those with recurrence may require longer time to spontaneous disease stabilization.

From Resistance to Compliance

Ko Jiyoun(고지영) 경성대학교 사회과학연구소 2010 社會科學硏究 Vol.26 No.3

본 논문은 군사적 점령(Military Occupation)을 동반한 국가 건설(State Building)에서 왜 점령국(Occupier)이 점령지의 국내적 저항 통제, 즉 안정화(Stabilization)에 실패 혹은 성공하는가에 대해 다루고 있다. 본 논문의 기본적인 주장은 점령국의 전략이 안정화의 성공 혹은 실패를 결정하는 요인이라는 것이다. 구체적으로 점령국의 안정화 전략은 강압(Coercion) 전략과 유인(Inducement)전략으로 나눌 수 있다. 특히 본고는 점령하의 강압전략을 선택적 강압전략(Selective Coercion)과 무차별적 강압전략(Indiscriminate Coercion)으로 나누었다. 안정화와 관련한 본고의 주장은 유인 전략 없이는 안정화에 성공할 가능성이 낮고, 강압 전략의 경우 선택적인 강압전략의 경우 유인전략과 함께 쓰인다면 안정화에 성공할 가능성이 높고, 무차별적인 강압전략의 경우 안정화에 실패할 가능성이 높다는 것이다. 이러한 주장을 검증하기 위해 미국의 독일 점령(1945-1949), 이라크 점령(2003-2005) 사례를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 유인전략과 선택적 강압전략의 사용은 점령지에서의 안정화 성공을 가져오는 것으로 나타났다. This paper aims to answer the question of "what explains variations in controlling resistance, namely stabilization, in state building accompanied by military occupation." My central argument is that an occupier’s strategy is a primary determinant of success or failure of stabilization in occupied territories. In detail, I present two arguments regarding occupiers' stabilization strategies.: First, an occupier is likely to fail stabilization, when it fails to implement a strategy of inducement. Second, an occupier is likely to succeed in stabilization when it carries out selective coercion with inducement, while it is more likely to fail stabilization when using indiscriminate coercion. Two in-depth case studies- the U.S.’s occupation of West Germany from 1945 to 1949, and the U.S.’s occupation of Iraq from 2003 to 2005- suggest that a successful implementation of inducement and selective coercion would bring success of stabilization.

Identifying the role of the acidic comonomer in poly(acrylonitrile-<i>co</i>-itaconic acid) during stabilization process through low temperature electron beam irradiation

Cho, Dong Won,Ghorpade, Ravindra V.,Hong, Sung Chul Applied Science Publishers 2018 Polymer degradation and stability Vol.153 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The stabilization behavior of poly (acrylonitrile-<I>co</I>-itaconic acid) (PAI) by using electron beam irradiation (EBI) was investigated to identify the role of itaconic acid (IA). EBI was employed as a tool to generate radicals, which induced a <I>“cold”</I> stabilization reaction at room temperature and excluded ionic and thermally induced radical-mediated stabilization reactions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to quantitatively track the structural evolution of the PAI during stabilization. The stabilization reactions of the PAIs successfully progressed with higher EBI dosages at room temperature. More efficient cyclization reactions were observed for the PAIs with increased amounts of IA, because of the increased amorphous regions of the PAIs with a higher level of IA. The extents of the cyclization values of the PAIs normalized to their crystallinity values were similar to each other regardless of the IA contents, indicating the absence of an ionic initiation mechanism of IA at room temperature. In addition, the incorporation of IA units in PAIs increased the polarity and oxophilicity of the PAIs, thereby inducing facilitated oxygen uptake reactions, as evidenced by the high concentrations of conjugated carbonyl groups in the stabilized structures.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The role of itaconic acid (IA) in precursor for carbon material is investigated. </LI> <LI> Electron beam irradiation is used to isolate radical-mediated stabilization at RT. </LI> <LI> FT-IR is employed to quantitatively track the structural evolution of precursor. </LI> <LI> IA facilitates stabilization by increasing amorphous content/polarity of precursor. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

인산염 비료 및 레드머드를 이용한 중금속 오염 광미의 안정화

강신현,안준영,황경엽,서정윤,김재곤,송호철,임수빈,황인성,Kang, Sin-Hyun,Ahn, Jun-Young,Hwang, Kyung-Yup,Seo, Jeong-Yun,Kim, Jae-Gon,Song, Ho-Cheol,Yim, Soo-Bin,Hwang, In-Seong 한국지하수토양환경학회 2011 지하수토양환경 Vol.16 No.5

The objectives of this study were to investigate the efficiencies of the stabilizers such as mono-potassium phosphate (MKP), phosphate fertilizer and red mud in treating the mine tailings contaminated with heavy metals and to characterize the changes in fractionations of the heavy metals during the stabilization. The TCLP results showed that the stabilization efficiencies of Cd, Pb and Zn increased with the increase in the stabilizer dosage and the reaction times. MKP showed the highest efficiencies for the heavy metals stabilization among the stabilizers tested. When the mine tailings were amended with MKP, the TCLP concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn were reduced by 79~97%, 61~84%, and 89~99%, respectively. When the composite stabilizers, MKP/phosphate fertilizer or MKP/red mud, were used, the stabilization efficiencies were lower than when MKP was used as a single stabilizer. The sequential extraction results showed that carbonates fraction of Cd and Zn increased generally. Especially, when red mud was used, carbonates fraction of Cd and Zn increased 5 and 18 times, respectively. In the case of Pb, the treatment with MKP increased residual fraction by 10 times. The results showed that MKP was the most effective in stabilizing the heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Zn) to improve the efficacy of the composite binders.

Effects of Lumbar Stabilization Exercise Program on the Ratio of Abdominal and Back Muscle Strength in White Collar Workers

김보람,박선욱,이한숙 대한물리치료학회 2015 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.27 No.6

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lumbar stabilization exercise on the abdominal muscle-back muscle ratio in white-collar workers. Methods: Forty white-collar workers without any pain who worked at an information technology (IT) company located in the Gyeonggi province were included in this study. Of these, 20 subjects were randomly allocated to the lumbar stabilization exercise group, whereas the remaining 20 were randomly allocated to the control group. The lumbar stabilization exercise group performed a 40-minute-long exercise once a week for 8 weeks. The strength of the abdominal and back muscles was measured using the CENTAUR 3-D Spatial Rotation Device (BFMC, Germany). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 18.0 for Windows. The Paired t-test was performed to compare the values measured before and after exercise within each group. The independent sample t-test was performed to analyze the differences between the 2 groups. The statistical significance for all the analyses was set at .05. Results: The strength of the abdominal muscles after the exercise significantly differed between the lumbar stabilization exercise group and the control group (p<0.05). However, the increase in the abdominal muscle-back muscle ratio was significant in only the lumbar stabilization exercise group (p<0.05), but not in the control group (p>0.05). Conclusion: The improvement of the abdominal muscle-back muscle ratio through lumbar stabilization exercise may have positive effects on lumbar stabilization. Moreover, lumbar stabilization exercise is considered beneficial for the prevention of back pain and musculoskeletal diseases.

Effects of Lumbar Stabilization Exercise Program on the Ratio of Abdominal and Back Muscle Strength in White Collar Workers

Kim, Bo-Ram,Park, Sun-Wook,Lee, Han-Suk The Korean Society of Physical Therapy 2015 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.27 No.6

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lumbar stabilization exercise on the abdominal muscle-back muscle ratio in white-collar workers. Methods: Forty white-collar workers without any pain who worked at an information technology (IT) company located in the Gyeonggi province were included in this study. Of these, 20 subjects were randomly allocated to the lumbar stabilization exercise group, whereas the remaining 20 were randomly allocated to the control group. The lumbar stabilization exercise group performed a 40-minute-long exercise once a week for 8 weeks. The strength of the abdominal and back muscles was measured using the CENTAUR 3-D Spatial Rotation Device (BFMC, Germany). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 18.0 for Windows. The Paired t-test was performed to compare the values measured before and after exercise within each group. The independent sample t-test was performed to analyze the differences between the 2 groups. The statistical significance for all the analyses was set at .05. Results: The strength of the abdominal muscles after the exercise significantly differed between the lumbar stabilization exercise group and the control group (p<0.05). However, the increase in the abdominal muscle-back muscle ratio was significant in only the lumbar stabilization exercise group (p<0.05), but not in the control group (p>0.05). Conclusion: The improvement of the abdominal muscle-back muscle ratio through lumbar stabilization exercise may have positive effects on lumbar stabilization. Moreover, lumbar stabilization exercise is considered beneficial for the prevention of back pain and musculoskeletal diseases.

균형 향상을 위한 율동적 안정 또는 안정적 반전의 효과적인 적용방법은?

신승섭,Shin, Seung-Sub 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2017 PNF and Movement Vol.15 No.2

Purpose: This study reviewed articles to identify the optimal rhythmic stabilization or stabilizing reversals application method for improving balance. Methods: The Cochrane, EBSCO, eArticle, Embase, DBpia, KISS, Medline, ProQuest, PubMed, SAGE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Springer, and Wiley databases were used to search articles from 1990 to January 2017. The search terms included: "rhythmic stabilization" and "stabilizing reversals." Only experimental human studies (randomized controlled trials) that compared the effects of varying the optimal application of rhythmic stabilization or stabilizing reversals to improve balance were included in the review. Non-English language (except Korean) and unpublished studies were excluded. Results: During the research, 1,098 articles were initially identified. Of these articles, nine were randomized controlled trials. Of these nine articles, five were in English, and four were in Korean. In addition, three of the trials did not measure the patients' balance, two did not report the intensity and location of the resistance, and three performed the rhythmic stabilization incorrectly. Only one article met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The remaining study evaluated the participants' performance of the alternating trunk flexor and extensor isometric contraction of the scapulae using the optimal resistance for 10 seconds in a sitting position. The participants completed three sets of eight repetitions with rest intervals of 30 seconds between the repetitions and 60 seconds between the sets. Conclusion: Due to the lack of the scientific research on the topic, this review may not provide the evidence needed to support the optimal application of rhythmic stabilization or stabilizing reversals to improve balance. Future research should consider the methodological quality to identify the proper rhythmic standardization and stabilizing reversals application method.

Effects of Lumbar Stabilization Exercise Program on the Ratio of Abdominal and Back Muscle Strength in White Collar Workers

( Bo-ram Kim ),( Sun-wook Park ),( Han-suk Lee ) 대한물리치료학회 2015 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.27 No.6

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lumbar stabilization exercise on the abdominal muscle-back muscle ratio in white-collar workers. Methods: Forty white-collar workers without any pain who worked at an information technology (IT) company located in the Gyeonggi province were included in this study. Of these, 20 subjects were randomly allocated to the lumbar stabilization exercise group, whereas the remaining 20 were randomly allocated to the control group. The lumbar stabilization exercise group performed a 40-minute-long exercise once a week for 8 weeks. The strength of the abdominal and back muscles was measured using the CENTAUR 3-D Spatial Rotation Device (BFMC, Germany). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 18.0 for Windows. The Paired t-test was performed to compare the values measured before and after exercise within each group. The independent sample t-test was performed to analyze the differences between the 2 groups. The statistical significance for all the analyses was set at .05. Results: The strength of the abdominal muscles after the exercise significantly differed between the lumbar stabilization exercise group and the control group (p<0.05). However, the increase in the abdominal muscle-back muscle ratio was significant in only the lumbar stabilization exercise group (p< 0.05), but not in the control group (p >0.05). Conclusion: The improvement of the abdominal muscle-back muscle ratio through lumbar stabilization exercise may have positive effects on lumbar stabilization. Moreover, lumbar stabilization exercise is considered beneficial for the prevention of back pain and musculoskeletal diseases.

Determining Heavy Metal (loid) Stabilization Materials and Optimum Mixing Ratio: Aqueous Batch test

Oh, Seung Min,Oh, Se Jin,Kim, Sung Chul,Lee, Sang Hwan,Ok, Yong Sik,Yang, Jae E. 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.6

Acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS) has been classified as mine waste and generally deposited in land. For this reason, studies have been conducted to examine the possibility of recycling AMDS as an amendment for heavy metal stabilization in soil. The main objective of this study was to evaluate heavy metal stabilization efficiency of AMDS comparing with the widely used lime stone. Also, optimum mixing ratio was evaluated for enhancing heavy metal stabilization. AMDS and limestone were mixed at the ratio of 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0 with five different heavy metal solutions ($100mg\;L^{-1}$ of $NaAsO_2$, $CdCl_2$, $CuCl_2$, $Pb(NO_3)_2$, and $ZnSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$). The amendments were added at a rate of 3% (w/v). In order to determine the stabilization kinetics, samples were collected at different reaction time of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024 minutes. The heavy metal stabilization by AMDS was faster and higher than those of limestone for all examined heavy metals. While limestone showed only 20% of arsenic (As) stabilization after 1,024 minutes, 96% of As was stabilized within 1 minute by AMDS. The highest effect on the stabilization of heavy metal (loid) was observed, when the two amendments were mixed at a ratio of 1:1. These results indicated that AMDS can be effectively used for heavy metal stabilization in soil, especially for As, and the optimum mixing ratio of AMDS and lime was 1:1 at a rate of 3% (w/v).