백제 지하저장시설(地下貯藏施設)의 구조와 기능에 대한 검토

신종국 국립문화재연구원 2005 헤리티지:역사와 과학 Vol.38 No.-

최근 백제유적에 대한 발굴조사에서는 토광형태 또는 목재나 석재를 이용하여 축조한 지하식의 저장시설이 발견되는 사례가 늘어나고 있다. 본고는 이러한 백제시대 지하저장시설을 형태 및 축조방법별로 복주머니형(플라스크형), 목곽형, 석곽형 시설로 구분하고 각각의 구조와 기능에 대해 검토하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 복주머니형 저장공은 백제 한성시기~사비시기의 금강 및 한강유역의 많은 유적에서 현재까지 600기 이상 조사된 백제의 가장 대표적인 지하저장시설로 3~7세기대 한강유역과 금강유역의 백제의 독특한 저장문화를 구성하는 유구로서 그 구조나 중국의 예를 통해 볼 때 곡물의 장기저장을 위한 시설이었을 가능성이 있으며, 그 외에도 토기의 저장 등 다양한 물품이 저장되었다고 보인다. 목곽형과 석곽형의 저장시설은 사비시기의 유적에서 주로 확인되고 있어 6세기 이후 복주머니형 저장공의 축조가 줄어들면서 그 기능을 일부 대체했을 것으로 보이며, 특히 그 축조방법이나 구조상 공력이 많이 소모 되는 것으로 도성이나 성곽유적에서 공적인 용도로 사용되었던 것으로 추정된다. 목곽형 저장시설은 평면 장방형인 것과 방형인 것, 축조방식에 따라 가구식(架構式) 과 주혈식(柱穴式)으로 구분할 수 있으며, 이는 축조하고자 하는 지점의 지형이나 지질 에 의해 결정되었을 가능성이 있다. 이러한 목곽형 저장시설은 관북리유적과 월평동유 적의 예를 통해 볼 때 과일과 같은 식품류의 저장과 군사주둔지에서의 중요물품 저장 등 필요에 따라 다양한 품목의 물건이 저장된 것으로 보인다. 지하 저장시설의 기능적 특성상 식품류의 장기저장과 일본의 예를 통해 볼 때 화재시 중요물품의 안전한 보관과 관련하여 목곽이나 석곽의 저장시설이 채용되었을 가능성이 있다. Increasing discovery cases of underground storage facilities made of earth, wood, or stone are being reported from the recent excavation survey of the Baekje relics. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to examine the structure and function of the underground storage facilities of Baekje following a classification made by the type and building method as follows: plask shape, wooden box shape, and stone box shape. The plask shape storage is the most representative underground storage of Baekje that has been found in numerous relics more than 600 sets around Hangang(Han River) and Geumgang(Geum River) from the Hansung period to Sabi period in Baekje Dynasty. It is a historical artefact as a part of the unique storage culture of Baekje around Hangang and Geumgang from the 3rd to 7th Century. Considering its structure and the example of Chinese one, it might had been used for a long-term storage of grains and various other items including earth wares. The storage facility in wooden box shape and stone box shape are found mostly in the relics Of Sabi period. Thus it might had taken some functions of the storage in traditional pouch shape which had decreased after the 6th Century. In particular, the wooden box shape and stone box shape storage required enormous labor force to build owing to their structure and building method. Thus, they were considered to had been used for official purposes in province fortress and citadel artefact. The wooden box shape storage facility is classified into flat rectangular type and square type based on the structure, and into Gagu type(架構式) and Juheol type(柱 穴式) based on the building method. It might had been decided according to the geography and geological feature of the place where the storage was to be built. Considering the examples of Gwanbuk-ri relics and Weolpyong - dong relics, the wooden box shape storage facility might had been used for various items depending on the needs, including foods such as fruits and essential provisions at the military base. Considering the long-term food storage, the examples in Japan, and the functional characteristics of the underground storage facility, there is a possibility that the wooden and stone box shape storage facilities had been built so as to safely store important items in case of fire. This study is only a rudimentary examination for the storage facility in Baekje. Thus further studies are to be made specifically and comprehensively on the comparison with other regions, distribution pattern, discovered relics and artefacts, and functions.

A shape-preserving approximation by weighted cubic splines

Kim, Tae-wan,Kvasov, Boris Elsevier 2012 Journal of computational and applied mathematics Vol.236 No.17

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>This paper addresses new algorithms for constructing weighted cubic splines that are very effective in interpolation and approximation of sharply changing data. Such spline interpolations are a useful and efficient tool in computer-aided design when control of tension on intervals connecting interpolation points is needed. The error bounds for interpolating weighted splines are obtained. A method for automatic selection of the weights is presented that permits preservation of the monotonicity and convexity of the data. The weighted B-spline basis is also well suited for generation of freeform curves, in the same way as the usual B-splines. By using recurrence relations we derive weighted B-splines and give a three-point local approximation formula that is exact for first-degree polynomials. The resulting curves satisfy the convex hull property, they are piecewise cubics, and the curves can be locally controlled with interval tension in a computationally efficient manner.</P>

Real-Time Repairable Interpolation Scheme for CNC Tool Path Processing

Wei Fan,Chen-Han Lee,Ji-Hong Chen 한국정밀공학회 2016 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.17 No.12

G01 trajectory is widely-adopted for CNC machining. The piecewise linear trajectory is geometrically discontinuous, bringing about drastic fluctuation of feedrate and acceleration, and causing low machining efficiency and quality. Many methods of trajectory smoothing are developed and applied in CNC system. However some shortcomings exist when these methods were applied in CNC machining. In the existing methods, the following requirements are not satisfied simultaneously: not less than G2 continuity, confined chord error, shape preservation, interpolating G01 points, spatial applicability, real-time performance of algorithm, free geometric form. Considering various requirements of CNC machining, this work develops an interpolation scheme with local repairing function to deal with the possible shape deficiencies of trajectory. The resulting tool path has G2 continuity and is optimized in bending energy under shape-preserving and chord error constraints. Combining with jerk-limited feedrate scheduling, a real-time tool path processing strategy is developed. The simulation demonstrates the proposed method eliminates shape deficiencies, and has apparent advantage in the reduction of contour error, curvature, bending energy and machining time, compared with Zhao’s and Fan’s methods. The experiment demonstrates the advantages of the proposed algorithm in improving the quality of machined surface and machining efficiency, compared with previous methods.

중서부지역 통일신라시대 수혈주거지의 분류와 편년 -‘ㄱ’자형 구들시설을 中心으로-

이상복 중앙문화재연구원 2011 중앙고고연구 Vol.0 No.9

본고는 통일신라시대 수혈주거지 가운데 구릉의 사면부에 입지한 ‘ㄱ’자형 구들시설을 대상으로 검토하고자 하였으며, 최근까지의 자료로 보는 한 본고에서 분류한 형식별로 존속시기가 약간씩 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그 가운데 ⅠA1·ⅠA3·ⅠB3 형식이 다른 형식보다 존속기간이 길게 나타나며, 중서부지역의 통일신라시대 주거지에서 고래부를 조성할 때 생토면을 굴착하거나 석재를 활용하여 축조하는 방식이 가장 많이 활용된 것으로 추정된다. 이러한 축조방법은 삼국시대의 주거지에서 보이는 난방시설의 축조방식과 일부 유사하며, 최근 늘어나고 있는 중동부지역과 영남지역의 통일신라시대 주거지가 보고되면 지역별 차이점과 주거양상을 비교할 수 있을 것이다. 구릉의 사면부에 입지하는 통일신라시대 주거지의 구들시설 가운데 Ⅱ형식의 고래부는 경기도지역에서만 확인된다. This article examines in pardon department of hill mouth grudge ‘ㄱ’ -shaped floor heating installation in the pit dwellings of the Unified Shilla period. Based on the data that have been collected so far, this paper has found that the types classified in it slightly differ by their period of preservation. Among them, ⅠA1, ⅠA3, and ⅠB3 show longer preservation than other types. And it is presumed that when the residences of the Unified Shilla period in the middle or western area built the goraebu, the method to dig the raw soil or use stone was mostly frequently utilized. Like this building method building method and part of the heating facility which is visible from three government policy righteousness house is similar and unifying Shilla periodic house price of land of the central east area which when is extending recently and the southeastern Korea area is reported, will be able to compare an area by dierence and a house aspect Among the methods to construct goraebu of the floor heating installation of the Unied Shilla period, type Ⅱ which builds a dwelling vertically to the contour is found only in Gyeonggi-do.

SHAPE PRESERVING ADDITIONS OF LR-FUZZY INTERVALS WITH UNBOUNDED SUPPORT

Hong, Dug-Hun The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2009 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.27 No.5

Continuous t-norm based shape preserving additions of LR-fuzzy intervals with unbounded support is studied. The case for bounded support, which was a conjecture suggested by Mesiar in 1997, was proved by the author in 2002 and 2008. In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient conditions for a continuous t-norm T that induces DR-shape preserving addition of LR-fuzzy intervals with unbounded support. Some of the results can be deduced from the results given in the paper of Mesiar in 1997. But, we give direct proofs of the results.

Shape preserving additions of LR-fuzzy intervals with unbounded support

홍덕헌 한국전산응용수학회 2009 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.27 No.5

Continuous t−norm based shape preserving additions of LR− fuzzy intervals with unbounded support is studied. The case for bounded support, which was a conjecture suggested by Mesiar in 1997, was proved by the author in 2002 and 2008. In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient conditions for a continuous t−norm T that induces LR−shape preserving addition of LR−fuzzy intervals with unbounded support. Some of the results can be deduced from the results given in the paper of Mesiar in 1997. But, we give direct proofs of the results. Continuous t−norm based shape preserving additions of LR− fuzzy intervals with unbounded support is studied. The case for bounded support, which was a conjecture suggested by Mesiar in 1997, was proved by the author in 2002 and 2008. In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient conditions for a continuous t−norm T that induces LR−shape preserving addition of LR−fuzzy intervals with unbounded support. Some of the results can be deduced from the results given in the paper of Mesiar in 1997. But, we give direct proofs of the results.

T-sum of bell-shaped fuzzy intervals

Elsevier 2007 FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS Vol.158 No.7

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The usual arithmetic operations on real numbers can be extended to arithmetical operations on fuzzy intervals by means of Zadeh's extension principle based on a t-norm <I>T</I>. A t-norm is called consistent with respect to a class of fuzzy intervals for some arithmetic operation, if this arithmetic operation is closed for this class. It is important to know which t-norms are consistent with a particular type of fuzzy intervals. Recently, Dombi and Győrbíró proved that addition is closed if the Dombi t-norm is used with two bell-shaped fuzzy intervals. A result proved by Mesiar on a strict t-norm based shape preserving additions of <I>LR</I>-fuzzy intervals with unbounded support is recalled. As applications, we define a broader class of bell-shaped fuzzy intervals. Then we study t-norms which are consistent with these particular types of fuzzy intervals. Dombi and Győrbíró's results are special cases of the results described in this paper.</P>

Fuzzy least squares polynomial regression analysis using shape preserving operations

Hong, Dug-Hun,Hwang, Chang-Ha,Do, Hae-Young Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 2003 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.13 No.5

In this paper, we describe a method for fuzzy polynomial regression analysis for fuzzy input--output data using shape preserving operations for least-squares fitting. Shape preserving operations simplifies the computation of fuzzy arithmetic operations. We derive the solution using mixed nonlinear program.

FUZZY POLYNOMIAL REGRESSION ANALYSIS USING SHAPE PRESERVING IOERATION

Hong, Dug-Hun,Do, Hae-Young 한국전산응용수학회 2001 The Korean journal of computational & applied math Vol.8 No.3

In this paper, we describe a method for fuzzy polynomial regression analysis for fuzzy input-output data using shape preserving operations based on Tanaka’s approach. Shape preserving operations simplifies the computation of fuzzy arithmetic operations. We derive the solution using general linear program. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification : 40A05, 60J02

A note on T-sum of bell-shaped fuzzy intervals

Dug Hun Hong 한국지능시스템학회 2007 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.17 No.6

The usual arithmetic operations on real numbers can be extended to arithmetical operations on fuzzy intervals by means of Zadeh's extension principle based on a t-norm T. Dombi and Gy?rbiro proved that addition is closed if the Dombi t-norm is used with two bell-shaped fuzzy intervals. Recently, Hong [Fuzzy Sets and Systems 158(2007) 739-746] defined a broader class of bell-shaped fuzzy intervals. Then he study t-norms which are consistent with these particular types of fuzzy intervals as applications of a result proved by Mesiar on a strict t-norm based shape preserving additions of LR-fuzzy intervals with unbounded support. In this note, we give a direct proof of the main results of Hong.