감정코칭 중심 양육지원 프로그램이 영아기 자녀 어머니의 애착관계와 양육태도에 미치는 영향 사례연구

이정은 총신대학교 교육대학원 2017 국내석사

본 연구의 목적은 Gottman의 감정코칭 중심 자녀양육지원프로그램을 통하여 영아기 자녀 어머니가 경험하는 변화에 대해 알아보고 이를 토대로 영아기 자녀 어머니를 대상으로 한 양육지원의 의미를 살펴봄으로써 사회적 지원체제를 통한 영아기 자녀 양육지원에 대한 관심을 높이고 영아기 자녀를 둔 어머니를 위한 양육지원 프로그램의 기초자료를 제공하는데 의의를 두고자 한다. 이를 위한 연구문제는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 감정코칭 중심 자녀양육지원프로그램을 통해 영아기 어머니는 어떤 변화를 경험하는가? 둘째, 감정코칭 중심 자녀양육지원프로그램을 통한 영아기 자녀 어머니의 양육지원은 어떤 의미가 있는가? 본 연구는 어린이집 경험이 없는 12개월 미만의 첫 자녀 어머니 두 명을 참여자로 선정하여 개별적인 사례연구로 진행 하였다. 연구 기간은 2016년 9월26일부터 2017년 4월 28일까지 7개월간이다. 1단계는 프로그램 구성 및 준비, 2단계는 연구 참여자 선정을 위한 홍보와 공지 및 참여자 선정, 3단계는 두 참여자를 대상으로 면담 및 주중과제로 이루어진 12회차 프로그램의 개별 진행, 4단계는 3단계 프로그램 진행과정에서 모아진 자료정리 및 분석, 5단계는 프로그램 종료 3개월 후 참여자의 변화 유지 여부에 대한 진단 시간으로 진행되었다. 본 연구를 통해 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 감정코칭 중심 자녀양육지원프로그램을 통해 영아기 자녀의 어머니는 자신의 애착관계를 돌아보면서 자기이해 속에 정서적 안정을 이루어갔으며, 지지적 부부 관계를 위한 노력과 개선이 이루어졌고, 양육지식 습득과 더불어 정서반영하기 및 감정코칭 실천을 통해 자녀와 남편과의 의사소통기술 향상이 이루어지면서 양육효능감이 증진되는 변화를 경험하였다. 이러한 변화들은 결국 자녀교육의 가치 변화와 안정애착 형성을 위한 바람직한 양육태도의 변화로 이어졌다. 둘째, 감정코칭 중심 자녀양육지원 프로그램을 통한 영아기 자녀 어머니 양육지원은 사회적 지원체제를 통한 영아기 자녀 양육지원에 대한 관심을 높이고 영아기 자녀 어머니를 위한 양육지원 프로그램의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. The purpose of this research is find out the changes experienced by the mothers of infants through the Gottman’s parenting support program based on emotion-coaching, and raise the interest on parenting support program through social network and provide the basic data of parenting support program for mothers with infant children. The research questions set for this as follows; 1. What changes do mothers with infant child experience through parenting support program based on emotion-coaching? 2. What does it mean to support mothers with infant child through parenting support program based on emotion-coaching? In this study, two mothers of first child less than 12 months who did not have daycare center experience were selected as participants and conducted individual case studies. The research period was during 7 months: from September 26, 2016 to April 28, 2017. The step 1 was program configuration and preparation, step 2 was publicity and announcement for selecting research participants and selection of participants, step 3 was the individual process of 12 program sessions consisted of interview and weekly task for two participants, step 4 was organization and analysis of the collected data through the process, step 5, 3 months after the end of the program, was diagnosis of the participants whether the change was maintained. The results of this study are as follows; First, through parenting support program based on emotion-coaching, mother with infant child reviewed their own attachment and made emotional stability with self-understanding. Also, there were efforts and improvement for supportive marital relations. In addition to learning of parenting knowledge, they experienced changes that promote parenting efficacy by improving communication skills with children and husbands through emotional reflection and emotion-coaching. Eventually, these kinds of improvement led to changed in the value of child education and attitude of parenting. Second, parenting support for infant mothers through parenting support program based on emotion-coaching raise the interest on parenting support to infancy children through social supporting system, and it is expected that it can be used as basic data of parenting support program for mother with infant children.

장애아동 부모의 양육스트레스와 삶의 만족도의 관계에서 장애수용의 매개 효과 : 지적장애와 자폐성 장애를 중심으로

천숙 강남대학교 교육대학원 2017 국내석사

본 연구는 장애아동 부모의 양육스트레스와 삶의 만족도의 관계에서 장애수용의 매개 효과를 확인하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 연구 대상은 전국 6개 시·도의 민간치료센터와 사회복지시설(장애인복지관, 장애아동 재활센터 등)에서 치료 서비스를 이용하고 있는 만 18세 미만의 장애아동 둔 부모 104명을 대상으로 설문조사 하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 장애유형은 지적장애 60명(57.7%), 자폐성장애 44명(42.3%)로 이루어져 있다. 측정 도구로는 응답자의 일반적 특성, 양육 스트레스 척도, 장애수용 척도 및 삶의 만족도 척도였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 부모의 양육스트레스와 삶의 만족도는 장애아동의 성별에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 즉 양육스트레스는 자녀가 여자 인 경우, 삶의 만족도는 자녀가 남자인 경우 높았다. 또한 장애수준이 높을수록 부모의 양육스트레스는 높았다. 그러나 성별에 따른 장애 수용의 차이가 없었으며, 자녀의 장애유형에 따른 부모의 양육스트레스, 장애수용, 삶의 만족도에서도 차이는 없었다. 두 번째, 장애아동을 둔 부모의 양육스트레스와 삶의 만족도의 관계에서는 부적상관을 보였으며, 장애아동을 둔 부모의 양육스트레스가 낮을수록 삶의 만족도는 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 장애수용과 삶의 만족도의 관계에서는 정적 상관을 보였으며, 장애아동을 둔 부모의 장애수용이 높을수록 삶의 만족도도 높게 나타났다. 세 번째, 부모의 양육 스트레스와 삶의 만족도의 관계에서 장애수용이 매개역할을 하였다. 이는 부모의 양육 스트레스가 높을수록 삶의 만족도가 낮아지나, 부모의 장애수용이 높을수록 양육스트레스가 삶의 만족에 미치는 부정적 영향을 낮출 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구를 통해 장애아동의 장애수용이 부모의 삶의 만족도에 중요하게 기여하고 있기 때문에 장애부모의 효과적인 자녀양육이나 부모 자신의 삶의 질을 높이기 위해서는 장애부모들을 대상으로 이들의 장애수용 정도를 높이는 구체적인 지원방안이 마련될 필요가 있음을 확인하였다. This study aims to examine the mediation effect of disability acceptance in the relationship between parenting stress and life satisfaction of parents with handicapped children. The main target of this survey are 104 parents who have handicapped children under age 18 who are using treatment service at private treatment center and social welfare facility (rehabilitation center for the disabled, rehabilitation center for handicapped children, and so on) in 6 cities and provinces nationwide. The types of disability targeted in this study are 60 children with intellectual disability (57.7%) and 44 children with autistic disorder (42.3%). The general characteristics of respondents, parenting stress scale, disability acceptance scale, and life satisfaction scale were used to measure the effects. The results of this study are as follows: First, the parenting stress and life satisfaction for parents showed statistically significant differences according to the gender of disabled children. In other words, parenting stress was higher when the child was female, and life satisfaction was higher when the child was male. Also, it appeared that the more severe the level of disability, the higher parenting stress. However, there was no difference in disability acceptance in accordance with gender, and there was no difference in the parenting stress, disability acceptance, and life satisfaction depending on the child's disability type. Second, the relationship between parenting stress and life satisfaction of parents with handicapped children showed negative correlation; the lower the parenting stress of parents with handicapped children is, the higher the life satisfaction of them is. In addition, the relationship between disability acceptance and life satisfaction showed positive relationship; the higher the disability acceptance of parents with handicapped children is, the higher the life satisfaction of them is. Third, disability acceptance played a mediating role between parenting stress and life satisfaction. This meant that the higher the parenting stress, the lower the satisfaction of life, but the higher the parents’ acceptance of disability, the lower the negative effect of parenting stress on life satisfaction. This study found that disability acceptance of children with disabilities contributed significantly to the parents' life satisfaction. Therefore, in order for parents with disabled children to raise the effectiveness of their parenting or to improve the quality of their own lives, this study showed that it is necessary to prepare specific supportive measures to raise level of disability acceptance of parents with disabled children.

Centering Parent Voice: Exploring Parents' Needs and Preferences Using Online Parenting Information

Eldeeb, Nehal University of California, Berkeley ProQuest Disser 2024 해외박사(DDOD)

Parenting is the process of nurturing and fostering the physical, emotional, social, and cognitive development of a child to adulthood and across the lifespan (Brooks, 2012). Parental knowledge of parenting, parental skills, and parental self-efficacy are protective factors for reducing instances of child abuse and neglect (Ridings et al., 2017; Sanders et al., 2018) and promoting children's emotional, social, and cognitive competencies (National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine [NASEM], 2016). Evidence-based parenting programs (EBPP) have been demonstrated to be effective for producing desired outcomes in well-controlled studies (Olds et al., 2003; Prinz et al., 2009). Program effectiveness in real-world conditions, however, does not achieve the same results. One of the primary challenges is low parental participation rates (Eisner & Meidert, 2011; Heinrichs et al., 2005). Parenting programs will not have their desired impact unless parents participate (Lundahl et al., 2006; Wagner et al., 2000). Potential solutions to enhance parent engagement include gender-specific parenting interventions, incorporating peer support components, and utilizing the internet for online dissemination of parenting interventions. Despite parents' low participation in parenting programs, parents seem motivated to receive information and support in their parenting roles, as indicated by their behavior on the internet (Baker et al., 2017; Duggan et al., 2015). One approach to explore enhancing parent engagement in parenting programs involves centering the perspective of users (i.e., parents). Specifically, it is possible to observe the nature of parent information seeking and sharing online. While extant studies have delved into parents' online discourse, their limitations, including sampling constraints and a narrow focus on researcher selected topics, hinder a comprehensive understanding of parents' diverse needs and interactions online.  Informed by human-centered design (HCD) principles, this multi-method dissertation project explored traces of parents' online behavior to understand their information needs and preferences for engaging with online parenting content utilizing two different approaches. Specifically, this dissertation explored a dataset of parenting posts from 2019-2022 using the computational approach of unsupervised machine learning to identify (a) the nature and prevalence of topics parents discuss online, (b) whether topics differed in mother-centric and father-centric forums, and (c) whether topics changed since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Next, this dissertation examined a dataset of popularized posts and comments (N=180) using qualitative content analysis to explore (a) the content parents popularize on online parenting forums, (b) the types of interactions and emotions present, and (c) whether content and interactions differed in mother-centric and father-centric forums.  This project yielded several key findings across studies. Using computational unsupervised machine learning techniques, the aggregated topic model (N=130,226 posts) revealed the extent to which parent-centered topics, such as postpartum depression/ anxiety and work-family interface were common. Child-centered topics were predominantly related to perinatal care issues. Additionally, there was a modest overlap between the types of topics discussed by parents and those in parenting frameworks and established EBPP. Second, mother-centric and father-centric models produced similar topics related to early childcare and varying topics that might be rooted in gendered differences in parenting roles. Third, although there were similarities between the pre and post-COVID models, the latter highlighted topics, like challenges in parent mental health and child entertainment/education recommendations, that were potentially exacerbated by the pandemic. As for the qualitative content analysis portion of the study, parents shared a range of parenting challenges and successes with a preference for storytelling over explicit advice-seeking. Second, various positive interactions emerged in popularized comments and appear to be providing peer support. Third, users in audience-specific forums (mother-centric and father-centric) had distinct content and interaction styles, highlighting gendered differences in parenting roles.  Examining parents' discourse and interactions online has multiple implications for research, practice, and policy. Researchers can leverage the observations of parents' preferred topics and format for future phases of HCD to inform the development and testing of both mixed audience (i.e., tailored to all parents) and audience-specific interventions (i.e., tailored to mothers and fathers separately). Practical implications call for the expansion of services to meet the growing demand for online parenting information and support. Practitioners are encouraged to refine online interventions to focus on parents' preferred topics, supplement interventions with parent-centered services (i.e., focus on parents' well-being and capacity to parent), and adopt role-specific peer support models. Finally, policy implications suggest exploring family-friendly policies (e.g., flexible work hours, subsidies for early childcare), advocating for bills that provide child savings accounts for lower/moderate-income families, and improving the funding and access of perinatal education programs to better support expectant parents during the transition into parenthood. Ultimately, this work is intended to inform the development of parent-centered interventions that are engaging and accessible with the overarching goal of promoting child and family well-being. .

Parenting After Divorce With an Immigrant Community: An Exploration of Hmong Parents' Parenting Experiences

Her, Malina University of Minnesota ProQuest Dissertations & T 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

Parents with shared children are faced with many challenges after a divorce or separation. One such challenge is to negotiate shared parenting responsibilities with their former spouses. This can be further exacerbated for immigrant parents as they may lack the know how or resources to traverse the legal system, in addition to seeking out a cultural divorce. Moreover, divorce may still be highly stigmatized which can serve as a barrier for communication between parents and between families. Yet little is known of how immigrant parents come to share their parenting responsibilities after divorce and the role of family in this process. This paper is comprised of two qualitative studies with immigrant community in the US: a study with Hmong key community informants to explore their perceptions of barriers to shared parenting and the role of family in the decision-making process; and a second study with divorced Hmong parents centered on their parenting experiences after divorce.The initial qualitative study broadly follows a community engaged approach with 17 key community informants selected to share their knowledge on the topic. A semi-structured interview guided by previous literature on divorce and parenting was designed. A thematic analysis of the transcripts found 6 themes. Themes revolved around perceived barriers to communication between former spouses and the role of specific family members in facilitating or impeding the shared parenting process.The second qualitative study was guided by an interpretative phenomenological approach with 10 divorced Hmong parents. Five Hmong fathers, and 5 Hmong mothers were part of this study. Through analysis, themes centered on how parents came to their current childcare arrangement, what were their experiences in sharing parenting responsibilities with their former spouses, and the role of family in the shared parenting process.Implications for findings across the two studies are also shared. Most importantly, findings seem to support a need for a cultural lens to better understand the experiences of divorcing parents. Many in this community do not come into contact with the legal system after a divorce and instead implement informal shared parenting arrangements. Findings raise concerns of how applicable the clan mediation system of divorce remains applicable for Hmong parents in the US today. As Hmong families acculturate and adopt more Western ideologies of parenting, this may clash with the culture and presents ambiguity for parents in how to share parenting after divorce. Moreover, it is unclear how clan leaders sanction childrearing arrangements if at all. For parents that use the legal system, they may be required to participate in mandated parenting education programs. Yet the applicability and effectiveness of such programs for Hmong parents needs further exploration as findings across the two studies here illustrate both structural and cultural barriers to maintaining contact between former spouses. Most importantly, family members seem to play an instrumental role during the decision-making process of shared parenting arrangements and after divorce as a caregiver role. Thus, further examination of how intervention programs and resources are adapted to include the extended family after divorce could be helpful for closing some of the gaps in this community. Moving forward, suggestions for future directions include continued exploration of how immigrant parents come to share parenting, the role of family during this process, and the impact of the various arrangements on child adjustment and well-being.

키르기즈스탄 이주민지역의 부모양육역량강화 프로그램 개발 및 평가

손순영 경희대학교 대학원 2019 국내박사

In adverse circumstances, such as in the migrant area of Kyrgyzstan, it is necessary to improve the ecology of parenting to achieve the growth potential of children. Accordingly, parenting competency should be empowered. Securing parenting competency can be fulfilled through proper attitude, knowledge, and skills on parenting, as well as through strengthening family functions, utilization of community resources, and changes in emotional and physical home environment. This study focused on the development and evaluation of a parenting competency empowerment program through two stages and targeted the migrant area of Kyrgyzstan. A methodological study design and quasi-experimental pre-post-test were used. The theoretical framework of the study was based on the empowerment caring model (Falk-Rafael, 2001). During the development phase of the program, the program demand was analyzed through secondary literature analysis, interviews with key stakeholders, and focus-group interviews. After validating the content and cultural feasibility from an expert group using a preliminary program, the final program was confirmed. In the evaluation stage of the program, an intervention group and two comparison groups were selected among parents with a child aged six months to three years. Then, the effectiveness of the program was assessed based on the scores obtained for eight sessions before and after applying the program with these parameters: parenting efficacy; family function; and Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME). The results of this study were the following. 1) The developed parenting competency empowerment program consisted of eight sessions for the purpose of linking community resources, creating a safe emotional environment, and forming a safe physical environment. The contents of the program were organized in order to link community resources, promote basic parenting, stimulate the child’s cognitive development, enhance caregiver’s self-esteem, promote parent-child interaction, understand and build a safe home environment, and improve domestic hygiene activities. Each session was conducted for one hour to one hour and a half. The program consisted of introduction-progress-conclusion and tasks were assigned to the participants to promote family activities. 2) All of the participants in the assessment were women. Kyrgyzstan nationals who spoke the Kyrgyz language showed statistically significant difference as the scores of parenting efficacy (F=24.30, p=.000), family function (F=3.15, p=.049), and HOME (F=50.91, p=.000) increased after the program application as compared to the two comparison groups. The developed program has resulted to increase in the participants’ parenting efficacy as substantiated by the increase in HOME scores that implied changes in parenting behavior. Therefore, it is recommended that empowered parenting competency program should be applied in underdeveloped countries with similar environment. Furthermore, the parenting competency empowerment program is also expected to contribute to the achievement of children’s growth potential. 키르기스스탄의 이주민 지역과 같은 불리한 환경에서는 아동의 성장잠재력의 달성을 위하여 아동의 양육 생태의 개선이 필요하며 이를 위해 부모의 양육역량강화가 이루어져야 한다. 부모의 양육역량강화는 부모 개인의 양육태도, 양육지식, 양육기술 뿐만 아니라 가족기능의 강화, 지역사회 자원의 활용, 정서적 및 물리적 가정환경의 변화를 통하여 이룰 수 있다. 본 연구는 키르기스스탄 이주민지역의 부모양육역량강화 프로그램의 개발과 평가 연구로, 프로그램의 개발과 평가 2단계로 구성되었다. 연구의 이론적 기틀은 돌봄역량강화모델 (Falk-Rafael, 2001)을 근거로 하였다. 프로그램의 개발 단계에서는 이차 문헌 분석, 주요 정보 제공자 면담, 대상자 초점 집단 면접을 통해 프로그램의 요구를 분석하고 예비 프로그램을 구성하여 전문가 집단으로부터 내용타당도와 문화타당도를 검증 받은 후 최종 프로그램을 확정하였다. 프로그램의 평가 단계에서는 6개월에서 3세 이하 자녀를 둔 부모를 대상으로 중재군 한 개 그룹과 비교군 두 개 그룹을 선정하여 8회기의 프로그램 적용 전후의 양육 효능감, 가족기능, 가정환경자극점수를 평가하여 프로그램의 효과를 평가하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 아래와 같다. 1) 개발된 양육역량강화 프로그램은 지역사회 자원 연계, 안전한 정서적환경조성, 안전한 물리적 환경 조성을 목적으로 8회기의 프로그램으로 구성되었다. 각 회기에는 지역사회 자원 연계, 기본 양육 증진, 아동 인지발달자극, 양육자 자존감 증진, 부모-자녀 상호작용 증진, 안전한 가정환경의 이해와 구축, 가정 내 위생 활동 증진을 목표로 내용이 구성되었다. 각 회기는 한시간에서 한시간 삼십 분 이내로 진행될 수 있도록 하였다. 프로그램은 도입-전개-종결로 구성되었으며 가정 활동을 증진할 수 있는 내용의 과제를 부여하였다. 2) 평가에 참여한 대상자는 모두 여성으로 키르기스스탄 국적의 키르기스어를 쓰는 어머니로 중재군은 비교군 두 그룹에 비하여 양육효능감 점수 (F=24.30, p=.000), 가족기능 점수 (F=3.15, p=.049)와 가정환경자극 점수 (F=50.91, p=.000)로 사전에 비하여 집단간 측정시간 상호작용이 유의하게 사후 점수가 증가하여 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 보였다. 개발된 프로그램이 부모양육역량 강화를 의미하는 개인의 양육효능감과 가족기능 및 양육행위의 변화를 의미하는 가정환경자극점수를 증가를 가져 온 것을 볼 때, 비슷한 환경의 저개발국가에서 부모의 양육역량강화를 위하여 적용할 수 있을 것으로 본다. 또한 부모양육역량강화 프로그램을 통하여 아동의 성장 잠재력 달성에도 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

성인애착유형과 부모-자녀관계 : 부모양육태도의 매개효과

김미영 전북대학교 교육대학원 2017 국내석사

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of parenting attitude on the relationship between parental attachment style and parent - child relationship. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of adult attachment style on parenting attitude and parent - child relationship and to investigate the mediating effect of parent attachment style and parenting attitude on parent - child relationship. The subjects of this study were 400 parents of elementary school students to college students who live in Jeonbuk area. The questionnaires were surveyed about adult attachment style, parenting attitude and parent - child relationship. Among them, 373 data suitable for the study were analyzed. First, adult attachment style, parenting attitude, parent - child relationship were all correlated. The results of this study are as follows. First, the parent - child attachment attitude was controlled or unreasonably inappropriate and the parent - child attachment attitude was higher than the parent - It can be argued that child relationships also form unstable and conflicting relationships, not emotionally intimate or respectful relationships. Second, as a result of the mediation effect of parenting attitude, adult attachment style showed significant direct effect on parenting attitude. In addition, adult attachment style has a significant indirect effect on parent - child relationship and there is no direct effect on parent - child relationship. Parental rearing attitude showed a significant direct effect on parent - child relationship. Therefore, the mediating effect of parent attachment style and parent - child relationship on parent - child relationship was found to be mediated by the parental parenting attitude. This indicates that the higher the parenting attitudes, the higher the parent - child relationship is in the positive direction. The results of this study are as follows: First, it was found that adult attachment style has a direct effect on parenting attitude. Also, parenting attitude showed a direct effect on parent - child relationship. On the other hand, adult attachment type did not directly affect parent - child relationship. The results of this study showed that even though the type of adult attachment is unstable, there is no direct effect on the parent-child relationship. Therefore, the parenting-attitude style is not stable, How to take care of a parent-child relationship means that you can improve enough. Second, as a result of verifying the mediating effect of parent attachment style on adult attachment style and parent - child relationship through structural equation, parental parenting attitude mediates the effect of adult attachment style on parent - child relationship . This is a result of telling us that even if we are unstable in the type of attachment that we had when we were a child, we could learn the positive parenting attitude well, and if we take it correctly, we can eliminate the negative effects of unstable adult attachment.

어머니의 아동기 경험과 부모역할만족도가 아동권리존중양육에 미치는 영향 : 양육행동의 매개효과를 중심으로

김경인 동의대학교 대학원 2020 국내박사

본 연구는 영유아기 자녀를 둔 어머니의 아동기경험과 부모역할만족도가 양육행동의 매개로 아동권리존중양육에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가에 대해 살펴보고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여 설정한 연구문제는 다음과 같다. 연구문제 1. 어머니의 아동기 경험, 부모역할만족도, 양육행동, 아동권리존중 양육의 경향성은 어떠한가? 연구문제 2. 인구학적 특성에 따른 어머니의 아동기 경험, 부모역할만족도, 양육행동, 아동권리존중양육의 차이는 어떠한가? 연구문제 3. 어머니의 아동기 경험과 부모역할만족도는 아동권리존중양육에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? 연구문제 4. 어머니의 아동기 경험과 부모역할만족도는 양육행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? 연구문제 5. 어머니의 아동기 경험과 부모역할만족도는 양육행동의 매개로 아동권리존중양육에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? 본 연구의 대상은 부산광역시와 경남 소재의 유아교육기관 27곳에 다니고 있는 만 0세∼만 5세까지의 자녀를 둔 어머니 503명이다. 연구도구는 어머니의 아동권리존중양육을 알아보기 위해 황소영(2017)이 개발한 아동권리존중양육척도를 사용하였고, 어머니의 아동기 경험을 알아보기 위해 부-모-또래척도(Mother-Father-Peer Scale:MFPS)를 전현진(1997)이 번안·수정하고, 이서연(2018)의 연구에 사용된 설문지를 사용하였다. 또한 부모역할만족도를 측정하기 위하여 현온강과 조복희(1994)가 연구 개발하고 정현희(2017)가 수정한 연구도구를 사용하였고 어머니의 양육행동을 알아보기 위해 부모양육행동척도(Iowa Parent Behavior Inventory:Mother Form; IPBI)를 홍계옥(1995)이 수정·번안하고 차미숙(2017)이 재구성하여 연구에 사용한 어머니의 양육행동 척도를 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 22.0과 Amos 21.0 통계 프로그램을 사용하여 요인분석, Cronbach's a 계수, 빈도, 백분율, 평균, 표준편차, t검증, 일원분산분석, 경로분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구에 나타난 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어머니의 아동권리존중양육, 부모역할만족도, 어머니의 아동기 경험의 평균은 대체로 높고, 양육행동 평균은 상당히 높은 경향을 보였다. 둘째, 어머니의 아동기 경험에는 학력, 취업 유무, 양육시간, 육아도움이 집단 간 차이를 보였고, 부모역할만족도에는 양육시간, 자녀연령, 육아도움이 집단 간 차이를 보였다. 또한 양육행동에는 양육시간, 자녀수, 자녀연령, 육아도움이 집단 간 차이를 보였고, 아동권리존중양육에는 학력, 취업 유무, 양육시간, 자녀연령, 육아도움이 집단 간 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 어머니가 아동기 경험을 긍정적으로 인식하고, 부모역할만족도 수준이 높을수록 아동권리존중양육에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 어머니의 학력이 높거나 자녀의 연령이 낮을수록 아동권리존중양육 수준이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 어머니가 아동기 경험을 긍정적으로 인식하고, 부모역할만족도 수준이 높을수록 양육행동에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 어머니의 연령이 높거나 자녀연령이 낮을수록 양육행동이 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 어머니의 아동기 경험과 부모역할만족도가 아동권리존중양육간의 관계에서 양육행동은 부분매개 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 어머니의 양육행동을 매개로 아동권리존중양육에 미치는 직・간접적 효과를 살펴봄으로써 향후 부모와 예비 부모를 대상으로 아동권리 교육 시 자녀의 올바른 권리존중 양육접근법에 대한 기초자료를 제공하는데 의의를 가진다. 본 연구의 실천적 함의로 어머니의 부모역할 현주소를 점검해보는 것을 통해 부모역할만족도를 증진시킬 수 있는 다양한 컨텐츠 개발로 자녀의 발달 단계에 맞는 양육방법의 제시가 필요하며, 부모교육 프로그램을 통해 어머니 자신의 부정적 양육행동의 점검과 긍정적 양육행동방식의 전환이 우선되어야 함을 시사하고 있다. 후속연구를 위한 제언으로 다양한 가족 구성원들과의 관계를 살펴보고, 가족구성원간들 간의 양육행동을 비교해봄으로써 아동권리존중양육에 대한 또 다른 시사점을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 본다. 추후 연구에서는 연구방법측면에서 질문지가 아닌 심층인터뷰나 관찰법 등도 의미 있는 결과를 도출 할 수 있을 것으로 본다. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of childhood experiences and parental role satisfaction on the child rights respecting parenting through parenting behavior. The research questions set for achieving the study purpose are as follows. Research question 1. What is the tendency of mother's childhood experiences, parental satisfaction, parenting behavior, and the child rights respecting parenting? Research question 2. What are differences in mothers’ childhood experiences, parental role satisfaction, parenting behaviors and child rights respecting parenting depending on demographic characteristics? Research question 3. What effect do mothers’ childhood experiences and parental role satisfaction have on child rights respecting parenting? Research question 4. What effect do mothers’ childhood experiences and parental role satisfaction have on parenting behaviors? Research question 5. What effect do mothers’ childhood experiences and parental role satisfaction have on child rights respecting parenting by the medium of parenting behaviors? This study targeted 503 mothers with young children aged 0 to 5 at 27 education institutes for young children in Busan Metropolitan City and Gyeongnam Province. To identity mothers’ child rights respecting parenting, the child rights respecting parenting scale developed by Hwang So-Young(2017) was used, and to inquire into mothers’ childhood experiences, the Mother-Father-Peer Scale(MFPS) adapted and revised by Jeon Hyun-Jin(1997) and used in Lee Seo-Yeon(2018)’s study was employed. Also, the research instrument developed by Hyeon On-Gang and Jo Bok-Heee(1994) and modified by Jeong Hyun-Hee(2017) was used to measure parental role satisfaction, and the mothers’ parenting behavior scale reconstituted by Cha Mi-Sook(2017), based on the Iowa Parent Behavior Inventory-Mother Form(IPBI) adapted and revised by Hong Gye-Ok(1995) was used to investigate mothers’ parenting behaviors. For processing the collected data, factor analysis, Cronbach's a coefficient, frequencies, percentages, averages, standard deviations, t-test, one-way ANOVA and path analysis were conducted using SPSS WIN 22.0 and Amos 21.0. The major research findings are as follows. First, the average scores of mothers’ child right respecting parenting, parental role satisfaction and mothers’ childhood experiences were high overall, and the average score of parenting behaviors was considerably high. Second, there were group differences in mothers’ childhood experiences depending on academic backgrounds, the status of employment, parenting time and assistance for parenting, and in parental role satisfaction depending on parenting time, the age of children and assistance for parenting. Moreover, the groups showed differences in parenting behaviors depending on parenting time, the number of children, the age of children and assistance for parenting, and in child rights respecting parenting depending on academic backgrounds, the status of employment, parenting time, the age of children and assistance for parenting. Third, when mothers had positive perceptions of childhood experiences and the level of parental role satisfaction was high, this influenced child rights respecting parenting, and a higher level of eduction of mothers or a lower age of children was related to a higher level of child rights respecting parenting. Fourth, when mothers had positive perceptions of childhood experiences and the level of parental role satisfaction was high, this positively influenced parenting behaviors, and a higher age of mothers or a lower age of children was associated with positive parenting behaviors. Fifth, parenting behaviors had a partial mediating effect in the relationship of mothers’ childhood experiences and parental role satisfaction with child rights respecting parenting. This study has significance by investigating direct and indirect effects on child rights respecting parenting by the medium of mothers’ parenting behaviors and providing basic data regarding proper rights respecting parenting approaches required for child rights education for future parents and prospective parents. This study offers practical implications that it is needed to provide parenting methods that suit developmental stages of children by developing a variety of contents for enhancing parental role satisfaction and that parent education programs should give priority to making mothers check their negative parenting behaviors by themselves and changing to positive parenting behaviors. Further studies could obtain another implication on child rights respecting parenting by examining relationships among various family members and comparing parenting behaviors of family members. Also, it is anticipated that using an in-depth interview or an observation method instead of a questionnaire would produce significant results as well.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTING STYLE AND SERVANT LEADERSHIP OF PARENTS : Comparative Study Between Korean Christian Families and American Christian Families = 부모양육방식과 서번트리더쉽과의 관계 : 한국크리스챤 부모와 미국크리스챤 부모 비교연구

서정매 Torch Trinity Graduate School of Theology 2010 국내석사

The purpose of this research study is to examine the relationship between parenting style and servant leadership of parents between Korean Christian parents and American Christian parents. This research used a descriptive co-relational and comparative research design, in an attempt to find relationship between self-perceived parenting styles of parents and servant leadership practice between American Christian parents and Korean Christian parents. This study attempted to find out how parenting styles are perceived by parents and the practice of servant leadership different according to nationality even though they have same faith of believing in Jesus Christ. A set of self-report questionnaires was distributed to the two sample groups, and total 75 questionnaires were collected from 26 Korean Christian parents and 49 American Christian parents. A set of set of questionnaires is composed of PAQ (Parental Authority Questionnaire, 1989) and Practice of Servant Leadership. The results of the research are that there were significant relationships between parenting style and the practice of servant leadership. There were significant differences of the practice of servant leadership between Korean Christian parents and American Christian parents based on the premise that parenting style is positively correlated with the servant leadership of parents. The traits that are more frequently practiced by both Korean Christian parents and American Christian parents were the belief in children’s potentiality, healing, and community building. The item ‘considering others’ needs’ showed the biggest difference in mean score and in ranking order between Korean Christian parents and American Christian parents.

부-모 간 공동양육·양육효능감·양육행동의 차이 및 공동양육과 양육효능감이 양육행동에 미치는 영향

김민옥 연세대학교 교육대학원 2021 국내석사

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in coparenting, parenting efficacy and parenting behavior perceived by parents in infancy, and to investigate the effects of coparenting and parenting efficacy on parenting behavior. The subjects of this study were 112 pairs of parents with children aged 3-5 years, totaling 224. Parent’s coparenting were measured using questionnaires of the coparenting scales developed by Van Egeren and Hawkins(2004). Parent’s parenting efficacy were measured using questionnaires of Seong Ji Hyun and Baek Ji Hee(2011)'s Korean version of parenting efficacy scale (K-EGSCP). Parent’s parenting behavior were measured using questionnaires of the parenting behavior scale developed by Park Joo hee and Lee Eun hae(2001). The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics according to the research question, t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows. First, in parent’s coparenting, father's supportive coparenting and undermining coparenting were high, and in parenting efficacy, mother's the parenting efficacy of nurturance and instrumental care were high. In parenting behavior, mothers practiced the setting limits parenting behavior and refusal and neglect parenting behavior a lot, while fathers performed more overprotective and permissive parenting behavior. The supportive coparenting of the girl's father and the father who had long parenting hours on weekdays was high, and the undermining coparenting of the father of an older or long working hours was high. The supportive coparenting of older mothers was low, while mothers with long parenting hours during the week showed high supportive coparenting and low undermining coparenting. Fathers who had long parenting hours during the week had a high parenting efficacy of play and nurturance, while fathers who had long parenting hours on weekends had high parenting efficacy of nurturance. When the child's age was high, the mother's parenting efficacy of instrumental care was high. Fathers with low educational level or with short weekdays and weekend parenting hours showed many refusal and neglected parenting behaviors, and fathers with short working hours or long weekday parenting hours showed more warmth and encouragement parenting behavior. It was found that older mothers or mothers with long parenting hours on weekdays showed a lot of warmth and encouragement parenting behavior, while mothers with long weekend parenting hours showed a lot of refusal and neglect parenting behaviors. Second, it was found that parent's coparenting and parenting efficacy had an effect on parenting behavior. By sub-factor, supportive coparenting, the parenting efficacy of play and nurturance had an effect on parents' warmth and encouragement parenting behavior, and undermining coparentin and the parenting efficacy of instrumental care had an effect on parental the setting limits parenting behavior. The parenting efficacy of discipline and instrumental care had an effect on the father's overprotective and permissive parenting behavior, and in the case of mothers, only the parenting efficacy of discipline had an effect. Supportive coparenting, the parenting efficacy of play influenced the father's refusal and neglect parenting behavior, and in the case of mothers, the parenting efficacy of discipline, play and teaching had an effect. In conclusion, there were differences in coparenting, parenting efficacy and parenting behavior among parents, and parent’s coparenting and parenting efficacy were found to have an effect on parenting behavior. 본 연구에서는 유아기 부모가 지각한 공동양육, 양육효능감 및 양육행동의 차이를 살펴보고 부모의 공동양육과 양육효능감이 양육행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 대상은 만 3∼5세 자녀를 둔 부모 112쌍으로 총 224명이었다. 부모의 공동양육을 측정하기 위해 Van Egeren과 Hawkins(2004)가 개발한 공동양육척도를 사용하였으며 양육효능감은 성지현과 백지희(2011)의 한국판 양육효능감 척도(K-EGSCP)를 사용하여 측정하였다. 양육행동은 박주희와 이은해(2001)가 개발한 양육행동 척도를 사용하여 측정하였다. 수집된 자료는 연구 문제에 따라 기술통계 분석을 하고 t 검증과 일원변량분석, 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 나타난 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공동양육에서는 아버지의 지지적 공동양육과 비난적 공동양육이 높았으며 양육효능감에서는 어머니의 애정 및 일상체계조직 효능감이 높았다. 양육행동에서 어머니는 한계설정 양육행동과 거부·방임 양육행동을 많이 하고, 과보호·허용 양육행동은 아버지가 더 많이 하였다. 여아의 아버지와 주중 양육시간이 긴 아버지의 지지적 공동양육이 높았고, 연령이 높거나 근무시간이 긴 아버지의 비난적 공동양육이 높았다. 연령이 높은 어머니의 지지적 공동양육은 낮았으며, 주중 양육시간이 긴 어머니는 지지적 공동양육은 높고, 비난적 공동양육은 낮게 나타났다. 주중 양육시간이 긴 아버지의 놀이 및 애정 효능감이 높았고, 주말 양육시간이 긴 아버지는 애정 효능감이 높았다. 자녀의 연령이 높을 때 어머니의 일상체계조직 효능감이 높았다. 학력이 낮거나 주중·주말 양육시간이 짧은 아버지는 거부·방임 양육행동을 많이 하였으며, 근무시간이 짧거나 주중 양육시간이 긴 아버지는 온정·격려 양육행동이 많았다. 연령이 높거나 주중 양육시간이 긴 어머니는 온정·격려 양육행동을 많이 하고 주말 양육시간이 긴 어머니는 거부·방임 양육행동을 많이 하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 부모의 공동양육과 양육효능감은 양육행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 하위요인별로는 부모의 온정·격려 양육행동에는 지지적 공동양육과 놀이 및 애정 효능감이 영향을 미쳤으며, 한계설정 양육행동에는 비난적 공동양육과 일상체계조직 효능감이 영향을 미쳤다. 아버지의 과보호·허용 양육행동에 훈육 및 일상체계조직 효능감과 애정 효능감이 영향을 미쳤으며, 어머니의 경우 훈육 효능감만이 영향을 미쳤다. 아버지의 거부·방임 양육행동에는 지지적 공동양육과 놀이 및 애정 효능감이 영향을 미쳤고 어머니의 경우 훈육 효능감과 놀이 효능감, 교육 효능감이 영향을 미쳤다. 결론적으로 부모 간 공동양육, 양육효능감 및 양육행동에는 차이가 있었으며, 부모의 공동양육과 양육효능감은 양육행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

청소년이 지각한 부모양육태도가 진로적응력에 미치는 영향 : 자아존중감의 매개효과를 중심으로

문예진 우석대학교 2024 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between parenting attitudes and career adaptability perceived by adolescents and to verify the mediating effect of self-esteem in the relationship between them. To achieve this research purpose, specific research questions were set as follows. First, how does the positive parenting attitude perceived by adolescents affect the youth's career adaptability? Second, how does the negative parenting attitude perceived by adolescents affect the youth's career adaptability? Third, how does adolescents' self-esteem affect career adaptability? Fourth, how does the parenting attitude perceived by adolescents affect the youth's career adaptability through self-esteem.  This study used data from the 5th year of the KCYPS 2018 first-year middle school panel, and response data collected from August to November 2022 for 2,252 second-year high school students as of 2022 were used for analysis. For data analysis for this study, the SPSS/PC 28.0 statistical program and process macro v.4.2 were used, and the statistical significance of the mediating effect was Bootstrapping. The analyzed research results are summarized as follows. First, it was confirmed that there was a statistically significant relationship between parents' positive parenting attitude and career adaptability, and that there was a positive correlation with all sub-factors of career adaptability. Second, it was confirmed that there was a significant relationship between parents' negative parenting attitude and career adaptability, and that there was a negative correlation with both sub-factors of career adaptability. Third, it was found that there was a significant relationship between parents' parenting attitude and adolescents' self-esteem. Fourth, self-esteem showed a positive correlation with interest, control, and confidence, which are sub-factors of career adaptability. Fifth, the mediating role of self-esteem was confirmed in the relationship between parents' positive parenting attitude and career adaptability. Sixth, the mediating role of self-esteem was confirmed in the relationship between parents' negative parenting attitude and career adaptability. These results confirm that there is a significant relationship between the two variables in the relationship between parenting attitude and career adaptability perceived by adolescents, and that self-esteem also interacts with each variable. In addition, it was confirmed that there is a significant mediating effect of self-esteem in the relationship between parenting attitude and career adaptability.  Therefore, the results of this study are meaningful in that it can be used as data for appropriate intervention in the career adaptation process by revealing that the parenting attitude perceived by the child has a significant effect on the formation of the child's self-esteem and affects career adaptability through it. 본 연구는 청소년이 지각한 부모양육태도와 진로적응력의 관계를 분석하 고, 이들 간의 관계에서 자아존중감의 매개효과를 검증하는데 목적이 있다 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 구체적인 연구 문제를 다음과 같이 설 정하였다. 첫째, 청소년이 지각한 부모의 긍정적 양육태도는 청소년의 진로 적응력에 어떤 영향을 미치는가? 둘째, 청소년이 지각한 부모의 부정적 양 육태도는 청소년의 진로적응력에 어떤 영향을 미치는가? 셋째, 청소년의 자 아존중감은 진로적응력에 어떤 영향을 미치는가? 넷째, 청소년이 지각한 부 모의 양육태도는 자아존중감을 매개로 청소년의 진로적응력에 어떤 영향을 미치는가? 이다 . 본 연구는 KCYPS 2018의 중학교 학년 패널의 5차년도 자료를 활용하 였으며 년 , 2022년 기준 고등학교 2학년 2252명을 대상으로 2022년도 8월부 터 11월까지 수집된 응답자료를 분석에 활용하였다. 본 연구를 위한 자료 분석은 SPSS/PC 28.0 process macro v.4.2 통계 프로그램과 를 사용하였 고 매개효과의 통계적 유의성은 Bootstrapping 을 이용하였다. 분석된 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다 첫째, 부모의 긍정적 양육태 도와 진로적응력은 통계적으로 유의미한 관계가 있으며 진로적응력의 하위 요인에 모두 정적상관을 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 둘째, 부모의 부 정적 양육태도와 진로적응력은 유의미한 관계가 있으며 진로적응력의 하위 요인에 모두 부적상관을 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 셋째, 부모의 양 육태도와 청소년의 자아존중감은 유의미한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째 자아존중감은, 진로적응력의 하위요인인 관심 통제 자신감과 정적인 상관관계를 나타냈다 다. 섯째, 부모의 긍정적 양육태도와 진로적응력의 관 계에서 자아존중감의 매개역할을 확인하였다. 여섯째, 부모의 부정적 양육 태도와 진로적응력의 관계에서 자아존중감의 매개역할을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 청소년이 지각한 부모양육태도와 진로적응력의 관계에서 두 변인 간 유의미한 관계가 있고 자아존중감 , 또한 각 변인과 영향을 주고 받는 다는 것을 확인할 수 있다 또한 . 부모양육태도와 진로적응력의 관계에 서 자아존중감의 유의미한 매개효과가 있다는 것이 확인되었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과는 자녀가 지각한 부모의 양육태도가 자녀의 자아존 중감 형성에 유의미한 영향을 미치고 이를 매개로 진로적응력에 영향을 주 는 것을 밝혀 진로 적응 과정에 적절한 개입을 위한 자료로 활용될 수 있 다는 의의가 있다.