An Analysis on the Difference of Influential Factors between Metabolic Syndrome Group and Attention Group

이현주 한국학교·지역보건교육학회 2022 한국학교지역보건교육학회지 Vol.23 No.2

Objectives: the objective of this study is to identify the risk factors of metabolic syndrome for attention to metabolic syndrome and thereby to come up with an intervention plan for prevention. Methods: Based on the 2015 Korean Health Panel data, a person who has diabetes only was categorized in attention to metabolic syndrome, and a person who suffers from diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia was in metabolic syndrome. After that, a weight was given so as to use a total of 1,559,884 persons as study subjects. The influential factors of metabolic syndrome on personal characteristics, health living conditions, quality of life, and medical service use for attention to metabolic syndrome were analyzed. Results: In terms of personal characteristics, the risk of metabolic syndrome increased in proportion to age compared to the age group under 40s, but fell to a level similar to that of under 40s in the age group of 70s. In addition, the risk of metabolic syndrome was higher in women than men, college graduates than high school graduates, residents in Seoul than those in small and medium-sized areas, the group with disability than the group without disability, health insurance subscribers than medical benefit subscribers and the group that is economically active than the group that is not economically active. In terms of health living conditions, the risk of metabolic syndrome was higher in smokers than nonsmokers, people who drink more than 2-3 times a week than those who do not drink, people who do not exercise than those who exercise and when the BMI is 30 or higher than when normal. In terms of quality of life, the risk of metabolic syndrome was higher in the group with trouble in daily activities than that with no trouble in daily activities, the group with pain or discomfort than that without pain or discomfort, when subjective health status is worse than when normal and when there was an eating problem than when there was no eating problem. In terms of medical service use, the risk of metabolic syndrome was higher in the group who experienced medical service dissatisfaction than that who did not experience and the group with a burden of medicine cost than the group with no burden. Conclusion: A group of persons suffering from diabetes was selected, and then the persons who had many factors which were found to be related to high risk of metabolic syndrome were first selected. Based on the study subjects, this study suggests a plan for concentrating on the preventive health education of metabolic syndrome.

초등학교 저학년 어린이에서의 대사위험요인 군집의 분포와 관련 위험요인

공경애,박보현,민정원,홍주희,홍영선,이보은,장남수,이선화,하은희,박혜숙,Kong, Kyoung-Ae,Park, Bo-Hyun,Min, Jung-Won,Hong, Ju-Hee,Hong, Young-Sun,Lee, Bo-Eun,Chang, Nam-Soo,Lee, Sun-Hwa,Ha, Eun-Hee,Park, Hye-Sook 대한예방의학회 2006 예방의학회지 Vol.39 No.3

Objectives: We wanted to determine the distribution of the clustering of the metabolic risk factors and we wanted to evaluate the related factors in young schoolchildren. Methods: A cross-sectional study of metabolic syndrome was conducted in an elementary school in Seoul, Korea. We evaluated fasting glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, blood pressures and the body mass index, and we used parent-reported questionnaires to assess the potential risk factors in 261 children (136 boys, 125 girls). We defined the metabolic risk factors as obesity or at risk for obesity ($\geqq$ 85th percentile for age and gender), a systolic or diastolic blood pressure at $\geqq90th$ percentile for age and gender, fasting glucose at $\geqq110mg/dl$, triglyceride at $\geqq110mg/dl$ and HDL cholesterol at $\leqq40mg/dl$. Results: There were 15.7% of the subjects who showed clustering of two or more metabolic risk factors, 2.3% of the subjects who showed clustering for three or more risk factors, and 0.8% of the subjects who showed clustering for four or more risk factors. A multivariate analysis revealed that a father smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day, a mother with a body mass index of = $25kg/m^2$, and the child eating precooked or frozen food more than once per day were associated with clustering of two or more components, with the odds ratios of 3.61 (95% CI=1.24-10.48), 5.50 (95% CI=1.39-21.73) and 8.04 (95% CI=1.67-38.81), respectively. Conclusions: This study shows that clustering of the metabolic risk factors is present in young schoolchildren in Korea, with the clustering being associated with parental smoking and obesity as well as the child's eating behavior. These results suggest that evaluation of metabolic risk factors and intervention for lifestyle factors may be needed in both young Korean children and their parents.

대사증후군 청소년들의 태권도 수련이 최대산소섭취량과 대사증후군 지표에 미치는 영향

박상갑 ( Sang Kab Park ),장재희 ( Jae Hee Jang ),김은희 ( Eun Hee Kim ),권유찬 ( Yoo Chan Kwon ) 대한무도학회 2009 대한무도학회지 Vol.11 No.3

The study aims to examine the changes in relative risk of the metabolic syndrome, plasma lipid levels, and maximal oxygen uptake by performing a 12 weeks taekwondo training targeting adolescents with the metabolic syndrome. The subjects were 30 adolescents with the metabolic syndrome, and they were randomly assigned with 15 taekwondo training group members and 15 person control group members. Taekwondo training performed five times a week for 60 minutes of each time, and the results of test with the average exercise intensity HRR 60~70% for 12 weeks. The results were as follows. In the taekwondo training group, there was a significant difference in lean body mass, the ratio of waist and hip, and the interactions between the group and time in terms of the maximal oxygen uptake. As to relative risks of the metabolic syndrome, waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and systolic pressure showed a significant difference in interactions between the group and time. In addition, as the result of comparing the level of relative risks of the metabolic syndrome according to maximal oxygen uptake, the level of relative risks of the metabolic syndrome was excellent in the group with higher maximal oxygen uptake, and especially there was a significant difference between groups in terms of waist circumference, glucose, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol. Therefore, the regular taekwondo training had a positive impact on improvement body composition and maximal oxygen uptake in adolescents with metabolic syndrome as well as reduction in relative risks of the metabolic syndrome. In particular, the excellent maximal oxygen uptake was closely related to the relative risks of the metabolic syndrome. Accordingly, adolescents with the metabolic syndrome should exercise like taekwondo to improve their cardiopulmonary fitness, and it will be helpful to prevent and improve the metabolic syndrome.

The criteria for metabolic syndrome and the national health screening and education system in Japan

Kazumasa Yamagishi,Hiroyasu Iso 한국역학회 2017 Epidemiology and Health Vol.39 No.-

Two major definitions of metabolic syndrome have been proposed. One focuses on the accumulation of risk factors, a measure used by the American Heart Association (AHA) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); the other focuses on abdominal obesity, a measure used by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the Japanese government. The latter definition takes waist circumference (WC) into consideration as an obligatory component, whereas the former does not. In 2009, the IDF, NHLBI, AHA, and other organizations attempted to unify these criteria; as a result, WC is no longer an obligatory component of those systems, while it remains obligatory in the Japanese criteria. In 2008, a new Japanese cardiovascular screening and education system focused on metabolic syndrome was launched. People undergoing screening are classified into three groups according to the presence of abdominal obesity and the number of metabolic risk factors, and receive health educational support from insurers. This system has yielded several beneficial outcomes: the visibility of metabolic syndrome at the population level has drastically improved; preventive measures have been directed toward metabolic syndrome, which is expected to become more prevalent in future generations; and a post-screening education system has been established. However, several problems with the current system have been identified and are under debate. In this review, we discuss topics related to metabolic syndrome, including (1) the Japanese criteria for metabolic syndrome; (2) metabolic syndrome and the universal health screening and education system; and (3) recent debates about Japanese criteria for metabolic syndrome.

원주 코호트에서 사상체질(四象體質)에 따른 대사증후군(代謝症候群) 유병솔(有病率)과 관련요인

양상묵,유준상,고상백,박종구,Yang, Sang-Mook,Yoo, Jun-Sang,Koh, Sang-Baek,Park, Jong-Ku 사상체질의학회 2009 사상체질의학회지 Vol.21 No.1

1. Objectives The risk for cardiovascular diseases increases significantly when multiple risk factors exist, as in the form of metabolic syndrome, compared to a single risk factor. This study was to assess the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome and evaluate the factors associated with metabolic syndrome and Sasang Constitutional Types. 2. Methods 666 subjects(280 men and 386 women), more 40 years old, in a rural community study were examined in point of Sasang Constitution and metabolic syndrome. 3. Results 1) Their Constitutional distribution were Taeeumin 436 persons (65.5%), Soyangin 83 persons (12.5%), Soeumin 147 persons (22.1%) and no Taeyangin diagnosed by PSSC. 2) Body weight, BMI, waist circumstance and hip circumstance were significantly high in Taeeumin group like previous study results. 3) Prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome was 32.0%, especially 27.1% in men and significantly higher as 35.5% in women than men. 4) In men, prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome was 1.4% in Soyangin, 2.9% in Soeumin and significantly high as 22.9% in Taeeumin. 5) In women, prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome was 12.5% in Soyangin, 3.6% in Soeumin and significantly high as 47.6% in Taeeumin. 6) Hazard ratios for metabolic syndrome were 1.14 for women to men, 2.34 for those at the age of 60s to 40s, 1.95 for Soyangin to Soeumin and 3.39 for Taeeumin to Soeumin. 4. Conclusions Sasang Constitutional Type may be an significant risk factor for metabolic syndrome and regimen according to Sasang Constitutional Type is thought to be needed to prevent metabolic syndrome.

중년여성의 신체활동 수준과 운동형태가 대사증후군 위험요인 및 에너지대사에 미치는 영향

이향범(Hyang Beum Lee) 한국발육발달학회 2014 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.22 No.4

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of 8 weeks of participation in exercise by middleaged women on body composition, risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome and energy metabolism based on the level of physical activity and types of exercise and the effect on physical functions and provide basic information for effective exercise prescription. This study investigated the difference between factors depending on the level of physical activity by dividing groups into two; one is the active group with the physical activity of more than 1500METㆍmin/week and the other is the non-active group with less than 600METㆍmin/week of physical activity. The non-active group has again been divided into combined exercise group(n=9), the aerobic exercise group(n=9) and control group(n=9). The results of 8-weeks of participation in exercise depending on the type of exercise and its impact on risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome and energy metabolism are as follows. 1. As a result of the analysis of the difference of body composition, metabolic syndrome risk factors and energy metabolism using the Short-form on WHO International Physical Activity Questionnaires(IPAQ), there were the statistically significant differences for body composition in body fat percentage, for metabolic syndrome risk factors in neutral fats and HDL-Cholesterol and for energy metabolism in insulin and growth hormone. 2. As a result of the analysis of the difference of body composition according to the exercise types of non-active middle-aged women, there were the statistically significant differences for interaction effect in weight, BMI, body fat percentage and body fat amount and for exercising period in weight, body fat percentage and body fat amount. As a result of the analysis of the difference of metabolic syndrome risk factors, there were the statistically significant differences for interaction effect in blood sugar, neutral fats, HDL-C and waist measurement and for the exercising period in blood sugar, neutral fats, HDL-C and waist measurement. As a result of the analysis of the difference of energy metabolism, there were the statistically significant differences for interaction effect in free fatty acid, insulin, growth hormone and leptin and for the exercising period in free fatty acid, insulin, growth hormone and leptin. In case of exercising group, there were no statistically significant differences in body composition, metabolic syndrome risk factors and energy metabolism.

부산시내 일개 대학병원 건강검진센터 건강검진자들의 대사증후군의 유병률과 위험요인에 대한 연구

강민숙(Min-Sook Kang) 한국인체미용예술학회 2007 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.8 No.1

  Abdominal obesity as a risk factor of cardiovascular disease helps arouse the insulin resistance in the internals and bring about metabolic syndrome, and it increases the death rate every year. It has come into the limelight to make a survey of the fact finding of such metabolic abnormalities in Korea. This study analyzes the prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome based on the records of subjects visiting the Health Promotion Center of some Hospital in Pusan from August 2003 to May 2004. Furthermore, it is expected to establish the data to prevent abdominal obesity, thereby making a contribution to helping to reduce the death rate through cardiovascular disease. The subjects of this study came from medical checkup examinees visiting the Health Promotion Center of Busan Paik Hospital conducted from August 2003 to May 2004. Subjects of the Health Promotion Center of Busan Paik Hospital were composed of 665 male subjects and 417 female subjects among the total number of 1,152 examinees. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was calculated through the data of the national census. And we investigated risk factors such as demograghic factor, lifestyle factor (smoking, drinking, and excercise), and obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, etc. Statistic results were done by the chi-square test, multivariate logistic regression analysis, odds ratio, and 95% confidence interval, using the SPSS (ver, 10.0) program. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome of the Health Promotion Center Survey conducted in between 2003 and 2004 came out to 24.1% in men and 19.2% in woman. It has been shown that some of the risk factors of metabolic syndrome were; male, aging, poor education and low monthly income. It has also been shown that exercise was a factor of prevention against the metabolic syndrome. As a result of this study, it has been shown that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome radically increases every year. Especially, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome caused by abdominal obesity largely increases. To take countermeasures to prevent metabolic syndrome, personal habits related to lifestyle should be improved in private, and systematic prevention managements are required urgently in public.

자연과학편 : 유산소 운동이 대사증후군을 가진 중년여성의 혈청 ferritin 및 CRP와 심혈관질환 예측인자에 미치는 영향

허선(SunHur) 한국체육학회 2012 한국체육학회지 Vol.51 No.6

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on cardiovascular disease risk factors, serum ferritin and C-reactive protein(CRP) in middle-aged women with metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome( MetS; n=30) and non-metabolic syndrome(Non-MetS; n=22) volunteered for this study. Aerobic exercise( 60-70% HRmax) was performed 3days a week for 12 weeks. After aerobic exercise, weight, %body fat, waist circumference(WC), TC, TG, LDL-C, insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, ferritin and CRP levels were significantly decreased in MetS. HDL-C were significantly increased and metabolic syndrome risk factor number were significantly decreased after exercise training in MetS. Also, △ferritin was a significant negative correlation with △ WC, △TG, and a significant positive correlation with △HDL-C. △CRP levels was a significant positive correlation with △SBP. These finding indicate ferritin and CRP affect the cardiovascular risk factors, especially in metabolic syndrome. Taken together, the aerobic exercise were effect on the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors, ferritin concentration, CRP levels and the prevent of metabolic syndrome.

대사증후군에서 남성 하부요로증상 관련 위험요인 분석

이하나,심봉석,정우식,홍영선,박혜숙 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2008 International Neurourology Journal Vol.12 No.1

Puropose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and the metabolic syndrome in the elderly male. Material and methods: The metabolic syndrome group of 348 patients (64.4±8.6 years old) and the control group of 150 patients (66.0±7.0 years old) were included in the study. The voiding factors, such as International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life score, prostate volume, maximal urine flow rate, residual urine volume, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were investigated. Waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride were measured for the evaluation of the metabolic syndrome. Results: Waist circumference (β=0.025, p<0.001), systolic (β=0.004, p<0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (β=0.006, p<0.05) were positively correlated with prostate volume. In the logistic regression analysis of voiding factors according to metabolic syndrome factors, the patients who have central obesity (Odds ratio [OR]=2.931), central obesity and hypertension (OR=3.598), central obesity and diabetes (OR=2.508), hypertension and low HDL-cholesterolemia (OR=2.326), central obesity, hypertension and diabetes (OR=3.083), central obesity, hypertension and low HDL cholesterolemia (OR=3.440) represented a significantly increased age-adjusted risk of benign prostatic enlargement (25g or more). OR of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was 3.178 in the patients with cental obesity, and 2.381 in the patients with both central obesity and hypertension. Conclusions: In male elderly, the metabolic syndrome was closely related with LUTS and its main risk factor was central obesity, represented as waist circumference. (J Korean Continence Soc 2008;12:27-35)

고령여성의 대사증후군 위험요인과 체력수준의 관계

기선경(Ki, Sun-Kyung) 한국체육과학회 2017 한국체육과학회지 Vol.26 No.1

In recent times, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing every year, intensifying the burdens borne by individuals and society. The purposes of this study were to classify elderly female physical fitness factors such as cardiovascular endurance, strength, flexibility, power, agility, and balance. And compare elderly women both with and without metabolic syndrome to verify any differences between physical fitness and metabolic syndrome risk factors, using the results as baseline data for lowering metabolic syndrome prevalence. An investigation of 100 elderly women aged 65 years or older revealed that 58% of them had metabolic syndrome. The study investigated whether there was a significant difference based on age and the results indicated only a significant difference in systolic blood pressure(F=5.324, p<.01). In addition, as age increased, the percentage of participants with metabolic syndrome also increased. There was a significant positive correlation between metabolic syndrome and weight, waist circumference, neutral fat, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. The physical fitness factors were analyzed to observe any significant differences according to whether the subject had metabolic syndrome. The results of running an independent t-test analysis revealed that while the overall physical fitness of the metabolic syndrome group fell across-the-board, there were no statistically significant levels found in most of the factors except for being able to bend forward while sitting in a chair, which was the only factor that influenced metabolic syndrome.