목구조 설계를 위한 확정론적 구조 설계법과 확률 기반 구조 설계법의 비교 연구

박문재,김광철 한국가구학회 2009 한국가구학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Probability based design(PBD)method has some advantages against current design methods. First, it can provide the quantitative values for the structural safety or capacity through the reliability index,. That presented the certainty on the corresponding structure for the designer or user, also that permitted the broad consideration in the safety of structures. In addition, it can give the quantitative lifetime of the related structure in the calculation process of target reliability index. Also, incidental economical efficiency can be expected because decrease of required structural material can be obtained by using the practical material data. Unlikely current deterministic structural design methods, main advantage is the reflection of real condition in the structural design process by application of the data with not small clear specimen but structural size material. Advanced countries, namely America, Canada, Europe, Australia and New Zealand already converted from allowable stress design(ASD) method to PBD method and used as a standard wooden structures code in the late 1980s and 1990s. Other domestic constructions standards such as the steel or concrete constructions accepted and used the PBD methods already. Accordingly, wooden structural design method also should be converted from deterministic ASD to probabilistic LRFD(Load and resistance factor design) in order to keep pace with worldwide demands for PBD. Hence, to suggest the reason of introduction the PBD in domestic wooden structural design and analysis, a brief example was used to show the different reliability index by using the different design methods. Definition, merits and demerits of deterministic ASD and probabilistic LRFD were followed. Also the three examples were presented to show the similarity and differences between ASD and LRFD. Finally, connection problems that might cause a disputation in wooden structural design and analysis were broadly examined. Probability based design(PBD)method has some advantages against current design methods. First, it can provide the quantitative values for the structural safety or capacity through the reliability index,. That presented the certainty on the corresponding structure for the designer or user, also that permitted the broad consideration in the safety of structures. In addition, it can give the quantitative lifetime of the related structure in the calculation process of target reliability index. Also, incidental economical efficiency can be expected because decrease of required structural material can be obtained by using the practical material data. Unlikely current deterministic structural design methods, main advantage is the reflection of real condition in the structural design process by application of the data with not small clear specimen but structural size material. Advanced countries, namely America, Canada, Europe, Australia and New Zealand already converted from allowable stress design(ASD) method to PBD method and used as a standard wooden structures code in the late 1980s and 1990s. Other domestic constructions standards such as the steel or concrete constructions accepted and used the PBD methods already. Accordingly, wooden structural design method also should be converted from deterministic ASD to probabilistic LRFD(Load and resistance factor design) in order to keep pace with worldwide demands for PBD. Hence, to suggest the reason of introduction the PBD in domestic wooden structural design and analysis, a brief example was used to show the different reliability index by using the different design methods. Definition, merits and demerits of deterministic ASD and probabilistic LRFD were followed. Also the three examples were presented to show the similarity and differences between ASD and LRFD. Finally, connection problems that might cause a disputation in wooden structural design and analysis were broadly examined.

경침 자가 운동 프로그램을 병행한 침 치료가 경추 만곡도와 심부 굴곡근 근력 변화에 미치는 영향

권정국 ( Jeonggook Kwon ),금동호 ( Dongho Keum ) 한방재활의학과학회 2017 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Objectives This study was designed to identify the effect of acupuncture combined with wooden neck pillow self-exercise program (WSP). Methods 25 eligible subjects with chronic neck pain were recruited from September 2015 to August 2016. Subjects were treated by acupuncture twice a week for 4 weeks, also were educated WSP and exercised every day for 4 weeks. They were assessed using PI-NRS, NDI and the maximum muscle strength of deep cervical flexor muscles (DCF) before and after treatment. Also the Cobb`s angle (C1-C7), Ishihara index, Park method were assessed for evaluating the radiographical changes. Variables were compared using paired t-test. And correlates analysis was used for analyzing relationship between differentials in the maximum muscle strength of DCF and differentials in cervical spine curvature measurement methods. Results Among the 25 subjects, 4 subjects were lost to follow-up or excluded in accordance with the criteria. Significant differences on NRS, NDI and the maximum muscle strength of DCF were seen after treatment (p<0.001). In radiological finding, cervical spine curvature measurement methods were significantly increased (p<0.001, p<0.05, p <0.05). Differentials in the maximum muscle strength of DCF significantly correlates to differentials in Ishihara index (R=0.479, p<0.05). Conclusions Acupuncture combined with WSP may decrease neck pain intensity and associated disability, and also increase the muscle strength of DCF and cervical lordosis, in patients with chronic neck pain. Especially, Improving the muscle strength of DCF has a relationship with improving Ishihara index. However, due to the design of this study, this treatment can not be compared with other treatments. Future randomized project should be needed. (J Korean Med Rehabil 2017;27(1):37-51)

게오르크 바젤리츠 목조 작업의 기호학적 분석 -퍼스의 지표 개념을 중심으로-

배병희,엄혁용 한국기초조형학회 2025 기초조형학연구 Vol.26 No.3

This paper examines how Georg Baselitz's wooden sculptures visually embody the physical traces of violence experienced within the post-war German societal system and function as a form of social critique, analyzed through Charles Sanders Peirce’s concept of the index. According to Peirce’s semiotics, an index is a sign physically and causally connected to its object, directly indicating that a specific event has occurred, much like footprints or smoke serve as concrete evidence of real events. Similarly, the chainsaw marks on the surfaces of Baselitz’s sculptures act as tangible proof of actual acts of violence. By thoroughly analyzing Peirce’s indexical concept, this study explicates how physical traces, beyond symbolic or metaphorical representation, function as indices directly linked to reality. It further interprets in detail how Baselitz, having experienced censorship and oppression in East German society, combined the material resistance of wood and the tool of the chainsaw to create raw, physical marks as evidence of ‘real events.’ This interplay is discussed through a tripartite structure of 'material resistance, artistic intention, and historical violence.' Additionally, through representative examples of Baselitz's work, the paper explores how incidental damage and surface marks produced during chainsaw carving serve as signs verifying the historical reality of violence. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Baselitz's indexical method of expression transcends mere symbolic representation, illustrating how contemporary art can meaningfully reveal concrete historical events through physical form, thus enhancing our understanding of this artistic approach.

통계적 기법에 의한 목조건축문화재 성능지수 산정에 관한 연구

배동훈(Bae, Dong-Hun),황종국(Hwang, Jong-Kook) 대한건축학회 2015 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.31 No.10

This research performed to develop performance index which mean structural performance of wooden architectural heritage. The performance index was presented by using basic investigation result and weighted value of question by using AHP. The basic investigation result was made by using basic investigation question. The initial basic investigation question was started from questions of 25. Correlation analysis performed for survey results of 25 questions and correlation eliminated between questions. Finally, basic investigation questions of 19 was selected. National wooden treasure was used to progress sample survey. To calculate weighted value of question, pairwise comparison and eigenvalue analysis were applied. Finally, performance index was presented for 40 wooden heritages. Performance index generally present high value in the case of having no long time after repair for the all of building. However, the trend line of performance index for all wooden heritage have to present and performance of wooden heritage have to analyze from these results.

A Study on Comparative Analysis of Fire Weather Risk Index Models for Wooden Cultural Heritage

김동현 국가유산방재학회 2023 문화재방재학회 논문집 Vol.8 No.3

Globally, research on fire weather indices (FWIs) has been conducted to establish fire risk management systems at national or regional scales. In this study, 16 existing FWIs were compared and analyzed, and the five most suitable cases were evaluated to confirm their applicability in Korea. Meteorological factors applied to 16 FWIs collected and surveyed around the world including wind, temperature, relative humidity, effective humidity, precipitation, vapor saturation pressure, potential evapotranspiration, and dew point. The estimated risk levels based on FWI values are generally divided into five grades: As a result of applying five FWIs to Korea’s forest area, Korea’s fire weather risk was found to be 2 to 3 grades lower than in countries where this index was introduced, and the fire season in forest areas was also found to be different. A statistically significant correlation was found between the risk index based on forest fire statistics such as wind speed, relative humidity, and effective humidity and meteorological factors, but temperature did not show a significant correlation.

실내목질화 사용 목재 및 목시율 선호도에 관한 연구 - 초등학교를 중심으로 -

임영석(Im, Yung-Suk),정택용(Jeong, Taek-Yong),강석구(Kang, Seog-Goo),박범진(Park, Bum-Jin) 한국산림휴양복지학회 2021 한국산림휴양학회지 Vol.25 No.3

본 연구는 초등학교에 목재를 활용한 실내 환경(이하 실내목질화) 조성에 필요한 요소를 확인하고, 조성 방안을 제시하기 위하여 수행되었다. 본 연구는 문헌조사를 통해 도출한 실내목질화에 고려해야할 인자를 대상으로 산림치유, 목재 가공 분야, 실내나눔숲 사업 수혜자에게 전문가 의견조사를 실시하였으며, 그 결과 실내목질화를 하는 경우 시각(색깔, 무늬), 촉각, 후각과 같은 감각적 요소가 중요하다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 이에, 본 연구는 초등학교 실내목질화 시범 사업 대상인 2개 초등학교의 학생과 교직원을 대상으로 감각적 요소를 확인하는 관능검사를 실시하고, 초등학생 참여자 중 일부 학생의 인터뷰와 교직원 설문조사를 통해 관능검사의 결정 사유를 추가 확인하였다. 관능검사 결과 색깔에 의한 선호도가 높게 나타났으며, 편백나무와 같은 밝은 색깔의 목재가 초등학교 실내 목질화에 적합한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 본 연구는 교직원을 대상으로 목시율 선호도 조사를 통해 중간 수준(40% 또는 80%)의 목시율에 대한 공간 선호도가 높음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 초등학교를 대상으로 한 실내목질화 사업의 참고자료로 활용될 수 있으며, 다양한 복지시설의 실내환경 및 실내나눔숲 조성 사업에도 활용될 수 있을 것이다. This study was conducted to identify elements necessary for an indoor environment using wood (hereinafter referred to as indoor wood remodeling) in elementary schools. This study conducted an expert opinion survey on the factors to be considered for indoor wood remodeling derived from the literature survey to forest healing experts, wood experts, and beneficiaries of indoor wood remodeling in welfare facility. According to expert opinion survey, sensory factors such as color, pattern, tactile, and olfaction were important. The study conducted sensory tests on students and school personnel (adults) of two elementary schools and some of the elementary students were interviewed and on-line survey by adults to further confirm the reason for the decision of the sensory test. Such sensory test showed color preference, and bright-colored wood such as hinoki cypress tree was suitable for indoor wood remodeling in elementary schools. The study conducted a survey of the preference of the index of woodenness among adults and found that the spatial preference for the mid-level (40% and 80%) index of woodenness was high. The results of this study can be used as a reference for indoor wood remodeling projects for elementary schools in the future, and it can also be used for indoor environment and indoor wood remodeling in welfare facility.

단열재의 투습저항성능을 고려한 외단열 경량목구조의 습열 거동 분석

이정훈,박종일,김민주 한국건축친환경설비학회 2021 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.15 No.6

Lightweight wooden structures are continuously being distributed in Korea. According to the recently strengthened insulation standards, the cases of adding external insulation to the 2X6 lightweight wooden structure are increasing, and it was investigated that EPS insulation and glass wool insulation are being used. EPS has a water vapour diffusion resistance coefficient of 50, and glass wool has a coefficient of 1, indicating a large performance difference. Therefore, in this study, the change in moisture load of the lightweight wooden structure wall was analyzed according to the difference in exterior insulation material and the regional climatic conditions.

한국 도서관사 연구자료로서의 목간기록 및 서지자료로서의 목간 분석

남권희 한국서지학회 2020 서지학연구 Vol.84 No.-

본 연구는 한국에서 출토된 문서목간 및 논어목간을 기록과 서지자료로서의 관점에서 살펴본 것이다. 중국 및 일본과 비교했을 때 현재 한국 출토 목간의 수는 매우 부족한 실정이나, 다양한 형태와 분야의 목간이 출현하면서 목간이 지닌 역사적 가치와 우수한 정보를 다량으로 확보할 수 있게 되었다. 이를 위하여 문서목간을 수발문서, 장부문서, 초고 기록문서로 나누어 기록자료로서의 가치를 살펴보고 색인목간이 갖는 가치와 의의를 고찰하였다. 이어서 앞서 살펴본 이들 문서들이 갖는 메타데이터 분석도 함께 실시하였다. 마지막으로 논어목간과 논어죽간을 통해 이미 형태적으로 ‘책’의 요소를 지니고 있는 『논어』에 대해 서지적 관점에서 접근해 보았다.

역량 스펙트럼과 구조 내진성능 판정지표를 이용한 전통 목조 건축물의 내진성능 평가

김혜원(Kim Hye-Won),이정한(Lee Jung-Han),박병철(Park Byung-Cheol),이원호(Yi Waon-Ho) 대한건축학회 2010 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.26 No.9

The purpose of this study is to develop the seismic capacity evaluation technique on traditional wooden structures in Korea. Historical and recent seismic damages, design standard, design code, existing seismic capacity evaluation method and the previous research are investigated. The seismic capacity evaluation items such as the design spectrum, the load-displacement curve, the average shear strength of wall and the natural periods of traditional wooden structure are evaluated. From the comparison result of seismic capacity of the selected existing traditional wooden structures using modified seismic capacity evaluation method, the damage state and the seismic capacity evaluation method for the traditional wooden structure are proposed.

보도교 사용자의 통행 유형에 따른 사용자 관점의 체감형 진동 영향 평가

박선준(Sun-Joon Park),조선희(Sunhi Cho),강대흥(Dae-Hung Kang),나해엽(Hae-Yup Na),조태식(Tae-sik Cho),장인호(In-Ho Jang) 한국방재학회 2023 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.23 No.2

교량에 대한 기존 진동 사용성 평가는 구조물에 초점을 맞추어 이루어졌으나, 본 연구에서는 사용하는 보행자의 측면에서 진동 사용성 평가를 하기 위해 강합성 목교로 이루어진 보도교에서 보행 유형에 따라 발생하는 진동을 보행자가 느끼는 체감 수준을 설문조사를 통해 수집하고, 이를 분석하여 체감형 진동 사용성 평가 방법을 제시하였다. 체감형 진동은 기존의 평가 방법인 수정된 Reiher-Meister 진동곡선을 사용하여 보행 유형에 따라 분류하여 나타내었으며, 제자리 위아래 구르기, 제자리 좌우 구르기가 가장 과대평가 된 것으로 나타났다. 인체의 진동 체감은 심리적인 영향이 크게 작용하므로 추가적인 연구가 필요하다. The existing vibration serviceability evaluation of bridges focused on the structure. To evaluate vibration serviceability from a user perspective, vibration level felt by pedestrians was surveyed in a steel composite wooden bridge and analyzed to present the vibration serviceability evaluation method felt by the pedestrian. Such vibration was classified according to the walking type using the modified Reiher-Meister vibration curve, the existing evaluation method, and rolling up and down and rolling left and right in place were the most overestimated. As vibration is influenced by individuals, additional research is needed.