난연성 poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinylidene chloride)의 중합 및 이의 습식방사에 관한 연구

황재형 인하대학교 대학원 2018 국내석사

고강도, 내열성 및 난연성과 같은 우수한 특성을 갖는 소재의 개발은 인류의 주 관심사였으며, 산업 전반적으로도 활발하게 연구가 진행되고 있는 분야이다. 특히 최근 화재로 인한 인명 피해 및 경제적인 손실이 발생함에 따라 화재의 위험성에 대한 우려가 커지면서 난연소재가 더욱 큰 주목을 받고 있지만, 아직 국내에 관련 법규가 미흡하고, 성능 및 가격에서 적절한 소재가 없어 실제 난연소재가 필요한 현장에서의 사용은 저조한 실정이다. AN(acrylonitrile)의 함량이 35-85wt%인 아크릴 공중합체는 모다크릴이라고 하며, 가격대비 우수한 난연성을 가져 보급형 난연소재로 적합하며, 치수안정성 및 타소재와의 혼용성이 우수하다는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 가격대비 우수한 난연성능을 갖는 아크릴 공중합체의 개발을 위해, poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinylidene chloride) (PANVDC) 공중합체를 redox 개시제를 이용한 수계현탁중합을 통해 제조하였고 그 특성을 조사하였다. 또한, PANVDC 공중합체를 필름으로 제조하여 UL 94 규격을 참조한 간이 난연 시험법을 통해 난연특성을 확인하였고, 습식방사 공정을 통해 섬유로 제조하여 섬유의 물성을 조사하였다. Development of materials having excellent properties such as high strength, heat resistance and flame retardance is a field of human interests and active research. Particularly concerning the danger of fire due to damage caused by recent fire has increased, interest in flame retardant materials is increasing. However, related regulations are still insufficient. Also, most of the flame-retardant materials have expensive prices, so they are less used in actual work fields. Acrylic copolymer having a content of AN (acrylonitrile) of 35 to 85% by weight is called modacrylic polymer, and as a flame retardant material excellent in flame retardance, low price, and chemical resistance, and it can be blended with other materials. In this study, poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinylidene chloride) (PANVDC) copolymer was produced via aqueous suspension polymerization using a redox initiator, and its characteristics were investigated. flame retardant characteristic was analyzed using the vertical flame test. Then, after manufacturing the fiber by the wet spinning process, the mechanical properties were investigated.

Acrylonitrile/Methyl Methacrylate 라디칼 공중합계에 대한 속도론적 연구

정병훈 檀國大學校 大學院 1995 국내석사

회전섹타법을 이용하여 acrylonitrile/methyl methacylate/40℃ 라디칼 공중합계의 성장 및 정지반응속도정수를 단량체조성의 함수로서 평가함과 동시에 이들의 실험결과를 해석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 본 공중합계의 공중합체조성곡선은 근사적으로 말단모델로서 잘 기술된다고 할 수 있으나, 이 모델로서는 절대성장반응속도정수 데이타가 전혀 기술되지 않는다. 2. 본 공중합계의 성장반응기구는 전말단모델로서 잘 기술된다. 그러나 본 공중합계의 경우에 있어서 말단모델과 전말단모델이 예측하는 공중합체의 조성의 차는 대단히 작으므로 본 공중합계가 IPUE인지 EPUE 계인지를 판단하기는 어렵다. 이 문제에 대한 확고한 결론은 연쇄분포를 측정하므로서 얻을 수 있으리라 생각된다. 3) 본 공중합계에 대해 종래로부터 보고되어온 결과, 즉 Walling 의 ø 파라메타가 단량체 조성에 의존하며 ø>1 로 알려져 있던 것은 사실이 아니고 성장반응에 틀린 모델, 즉 말단모델을 가정하였던 사실로부터 초래된 것이다. 정지반응기구는 확산율속개념으로 설명될 수 있으나, North의 "이상적 확산모델'로서는 기술되지 않는다. 측정한 정지반응속도정수도 Fukuda등이 제안한, 파라메타를 포함하지 않는 단순한 확산모델로서 잘 기술된다. The propagation and termination processes in free-radical copolymerization were examined on the basis of a complete set of experimental data carefully obtained for the bulk copolymerization of acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate at 40℃ by use of the rotating-sector technique. The composition curve can be, at least to good approximations, represented by the terminal model, whereas the propagation rate constant is entirely different from what the model predicts. The penultimate model is responsible for the failure of the terminal model. However, because of the very small differences between the copolymer composition predicted by the terminal model and the penultimate model, the question as to whether the propagation step of this system obeys the implicity PUE or not would remain unanswered. Presumably, this problem could be clear by the measurements of the squential distribution. As to the termination step, the provious results indicating large, composition-dependent values of the Walling cross-termination Φ are erroneous, since the validity of the terminal model is assumed in those analyses. The termination process conforms to the notion of diffusion control, but the North diffusion model was found inadequate. An alternative simple, no-parameter model proposed Fukuda et al. described the observed values of the termination rate constant better.

Composition-Dependent Electrochemical Performance of Poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) Based Quasi-Solid Electrolytes for Si Anode

Seung Yeon KIM 한양대학교 대학원 2026 국내석사

Silicon has emerged as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries because of its exceptionally high capacity. However, its commercialization has been delayed by severe volume expansion during repeated charge-discharge processes. In addition, conventional lithium-ion batteries using liquid electrolytes still face limitations in safety due to electrolyte leakage and interfacial instability. To address these issues to retain the high capacity of silicon, this study designed polymer based quasi solid electrolyte and applied it to Si anodes. The QSE employed poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) (PANB) as a key component, utilizing the strong polarity of the nitrile groups and the elastic chain structure of butadiene. In addition, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, LiFSi, DME, and 2-HMPP were incorporated into the formulation. First, to determine the QSE application method, film type and in-situ coating method were compared. The in-situ coating method was more effective in terms of stable charge-discharge behavior and interfacial adhesion compared with preformed film since it penetrates and cross-links the electrode. Second, PANB varied from 0, 2, 4 to 8 wt% of QSE to compare the electrochemical performance through cycling tests. The results showed that improved performance, whereas excessive PANB led to reduce ionic diffusion. Finally, for enhancing the effect of PANB, succinonitrile(SN) and SiO₂ fillers were applied, and EIS confirmed reduction in interfacial resistance. In conclusion, PPLD-QSE improved mechanical elasticity and ionic conductivity, effectively suppressing the volume expansion of the Si anode and enhancing cycling stability. These results demonstrate that PPLD-QSE can serve as a practical alternative to liquid electrolytes, providing a strategy for high energy density and safety lithium-ion batteries as well as for the commercialization of silicon anode systems.

Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)-Montmorillonite Nanocomposite의 합성과 특성

尹大顯 全北大學校 2003 국내석사

Polymer composites have been widely used in areas such as electronics, transportation, construction and consumer products. The properties of polymer composites are affected greatly by the dimensions and microstructure of the dispersed phase. Polymer nanocomposites are a new class of materials with at least one ultrafine phase dimension, typically a few nanometers. The recent interest in polymer-clay nanocomposites stems from the dramatic improvement in physical properties that can be produced by adding just a small fraction of clay to a polymer matrix. A variety of polymers have been employed to prepare polymer-clay nanocomposites. However, reports on poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)-clay nanocomposites are reactively few. In this research montmorillonite was treated with octadecylammonium chloride to prepare which was then reacted with styrene and acrylonitrile in DMF at 65℃. Benzoyl peroxide was added as initiator. The resulting composite was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimrtry (DSC).

아크릴로나이트릴 누출사고의 위험성 평가와 안전관리 방안

황선경 원광대학교 일반대학원 2026 국내박사

아크릴로나이트릴은 제 4류 위험물로 분류되며, 화재 및 인체 유해성 측면에 서 높은 등급의 관리가 요구된다. 하지만 실제 현장에서는 저장 방식, 온도 및 압력 조건, 통풍 및 환기시스템의 적절성 등 기본적인 설계 기준조차 제대로 적용되지 않은 사례도 확인되고 있으며 이는 심각한 안전 사각지대를 만들어 낸다. 더불어 기상변화에 따라 누출물 확산 양상이 달라질 수 있음에도 불구 하고 이를 정량적으로 분석하거나 예측하려는 시도는 부족한 실정이다. 이러한 배경에서 본 연구는 ALOHA 프로그램을 이용하여 장외영향평가를 실시하여 아크릴로나이트릴 복사열, 과압 및 독성에 대한 영향을 규명하고 프 로빗 분석을 통하여 피해 영향을 평가하여 안전거리 산정과 피난 안전성을 살 펴보는 안전성평가를 실시했다. 또한 아크릴로나이트릴 누출 사고를 중심으로 그 구조적 원인과 기상 요인을 포함한 확산 영향을 반영한 장외영향 평가를 기반으로 위험성 평가를 실시하여 종합적인 안전관리 대책을 도출하였다. 아크릴로나이트릴 누출량을 1.6 t, 32 t, 400 t으로 각각 설정하고 풍속 1.5 m/s, 3 m/s 각각 설정하여 6가지 시나리오로 실험을 진행한 결과 위험물의 안전성 평가와 위험성을 평가한 결과 복사열, 과압 및 독성의 총괄영향범위 중 AEGL-2 이상의 독성 총괄영향범위가 1.4 km 이상 10 km 이하로 독성의 영향이 가장 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 이 독성의 총괄영향범위는 안전성 평가 영역의 피난영향 평가와 사고피해영향 평가 그리고 위험성 평가 영역의 사고 빈도와 사고영향 점수 산정에까지 영향을 미쳤다. 아크릴로나이트릴의 저장량 에 의존하고 있으므로 저장량을 고려한 제조소등의 안전거리를 산정할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 허용 가능한 위험수준을 ‘다’ 위험도로 결정했고 ‘다’ 영역에 해당하면 허용 가능한 위험으로 평가하고 그 결과를 수용하지만 ‘가’와 ‘나’의 영역으로 판단되면 ‘나’ 위험도는 조건부 수용, ‘가’ 위험도는 수용 불가능으로 평가하여 위험성을 완화하는 대책을 수립한다. 위험성 평가 결과 위험도가 위 험등급 Ⅱ의 아크릴로나이트릴은 합계점수 10점으로 ‘가’ 위험도에 해당하여 안전대책이 필요한 것으로 평가되었다. 따라서 안전성 평가와 위험성 평가를 통하여 복사열, 과압 및 독성의 총괄 영향범위가 제조소등의 범위를 초과하여 장외까지 영향을 미치는 것으로 평가 되었으므로 방유제와 제조소등의 안전거리, 물리적 위험성과 건강 유해성을 고려한 제4류 위험물인 아크릴로나이트릴의 저장ㆍ취급 및 운반 영역에 있어 서 제조소등 내부 및 외부 영역까지 위험물의 안전관리가 필요한 것으로 분석 되었다. 실험결과를 반영한 안전관리 개선방안은 안전거리 확보, 성능위주 안전진단, 대피장소 확보, 위험성 평가제도 도입, 제조소등의 내부 및 외부 안전관리의 필요성을 제안했다. Acrylonitrile is classified as a fourth-class dangerous product and requires a high level of management in terms of fire and human hazards. However, in the actual field, it has been confirmed that even basic design standards such as storage methods, temperature and pressure conditions, and appropriateness of ventilation and ventilation systems have not been properly applied, creating serious safety blind spots. In addition, although the diffusion pattern of leaks may vary according to weather changes, attempts to quantitatively analyze or predict them are insufficient. Against this backdrop, this study conducted a safety assessment using the ALOHA program to determine the effects on acrylonitrile radiation heat, overpressure, and toxicity, and to evaluate the damage effect through probit analysis to calculate the safety distance and examine the safety of evacuation. In addition, comprehensive safety management measures were derived by conducting a risk assessment based on the extraintestinal impact assessment reflecting the diffusion effect, including structural causes and meteorological factors, focusing on the acrylonitrile leak accident. As a result of conducting the experiment in six scenarios where the acrylonitrile leakage was set at 1.6t, 32t, and 400t, and the wind speed was set at 1.5m/s and 3m/s, the safety evaluation and risk of dangerous substances were evaluated, and it was analyzed that the overall toxicity impact range of AEGL-2 or higher was 1.4 km or more and 10 km or less out of the overall impact range of radiant heat, overpressure and toxicity. The overall impact range of this toxicity affected the evacuation impact assessment in the safety flat area, the accident damage impact assessment, and the calculation of accident frequency and accident impact scores in the risk assessment area. It is necessary to calculate the safety distance of manufacturing plants considering the storage amount because it depends on the storage amount of acrylonitrile. In this study, the acceptable risk level was determined as the risk of 'c', and if it falls under the area of 'c', it is evaluated as an acceptable risk and the result is accepted. However, if it is judged as the areas of 'a' and 'b', the risk of 'b' is conditionally accepted and the risk of 'a' is evaluated as unacceptable, and measures to mitigate the risk are established. As a result of the risk assessment, the acrylonitrile of risk grade II had a total score of 10 points, which corresponds to the risk of 'a', and it was evaluated that safety measures were necessary. Therefore, it was determined that the overall impact of radiant heat, overpressure, and toxicity exceeded the scope of manufacturing stations and affected the outdoor area through safety evaluation and risk evaluation. Therefore, it was analyzed that safety management of dangerous substances is necessary inside and outside the manufacturing

Acrylonitrile과 Tolylmethcrylamide와의 共重合에 의한 Polyacrylonitrile의 改質에 關한 硏究

홍순모 檀國大學校 大學院 1983 국내석사

To improve the physical and chemical properties of polyacrylo-nitrile, acrylonitrile monomer was copolymerized with the various mole percentage of Tolylmethacrylamide. The inherent viscosity of modified polyacrylonitrile was improved in proportion to the mole percentage of modifier in the copolymer. The moisture regain of modified polyacrylonitrile films was increased in proportion the mole percentage of modifier in the copolymer. The tensile strength of modified polyacrylonitrile films was decreased in proportion the mole percentage of modifier in the copolymer. The dyeability to acid dye (Acid Orange Ⅱ ) of the modified polyacrylonitrile was provide with amide group by Tolylmethacryl-amide was increased.

Styrene, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile의 3원 공중합

백태무 서울大學校 大學院 1975 국내석사

Biodegradation of ethylene-vinyl acetate and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene using bacteria

Maidarjav Amarbayasgalan DGIST 2025 국내석사

N-Vinyl Phthalimidine과 Acrylonitrile의 電荷轉移錯物 形成에 대한 硏究

이용교 朝鮮大學校 大學院 1979 국내석사

The free radical copolymerization and formation tendency of a charge transfer complex between acrylonitrile and N-vinyl phthalimidine was conducted in dimethyl formamide using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. Copolymer formed was found to be consisted of the two monomer units in 1:l mole ratio. Moreover, copolymerizati on rate was the maximum when the feed composition was 1:l in mole ratio. The experimental conditions were [AN]_(0)=O.5×10^(-2)mole/liter, [NVPH]_(0)=0.73mole/liter∼3.75mol/liter and λ=340 and 345 nm, it was found that the equilibrium constant of the charge transfer complex calculated by using the Benessi-Hildebrand technique was 0.197 liter/mole. This fact is closely related to form a charge transfer complex these two monomers. Activation energy of the copolymerization was found to be 4.2Kcal/mole. Thermal and solubility behaviers of the copolymer were also examined.

MeCN용매계에서 (E)-2-(4-Nitrophenyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)acrylonitrile과 일차 아민의 친핵성 첨가반응에 대한 속도론적 연구

정경민 경상대학교 교육대학원 2008 국내석사

The nucleophilic addition reactions of various primary amines to (E)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)acrylonitrile have been studied kinetically in acetonitrile at 25.0℃. The second-order rate constant (k2) have been determined for the nucleophilic addition reactions of various primary amines to (E)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl) acrylonitrile in acetonitrile at 25.0℃. The results show that the second-order rate constant (k2) decreases from 105.9M-1s-1 to 10.7 M-1s-1 as the pKa of the conjugate acid of amines decreases from 10.63 to 5.70 , in turn. The b (= 0.2) value is obtained from linear Brønsted plot. The lower b value indicate that the proceed through a stepwise mechanism (Zwitterionic intermediate, T±) with attack of amine on the electrophilic center being the rate-determining step.