1896년 俄羅斯 使行, 『環璆日記』와 『環璆唫艸』 -使行錄의 觀點에서 바라본 俄羅斯 使行-

최식 우리한문학회 2009 漢文學報 Vol.20 No.-

In this abstract, I have paid attention to the envoy travelling to Russia that ranged 28,000 square meters travelling 11 countries for 7 months, starting from the Incheon Port on April 1, 1896, attending the Inauguration of the Russian Emperor Nicolaus on May 26, 1896 and returning to Joseon(Korea) on October 21, 1896. In particular, Hwan-gu-il-gi and Hwan-gu-gum-cho that Kim Deuk-Ryeon observed and travelled advanced western civilization and new world in person succeeded to the tradition of envoy travelling essay of the past yeonhangrok and haesarok, being in the relation of unseparable complementary relation. Hwan-gu-il-gi described how time recognition changed(lunar month→solar month ․lunar month․Russian month) and how space recognition expanded(East Asia→post Eeast Asia), including, but not limited to Russia's climate and customs as well as its geology, economy, culture, etc in details. Hwan-gu-gum-cho described the fact after observation travel objectively with image pictures, and it was intended to show as it was while observing and experiencing advanced civilization and new world. After all, Hwan-gu-il-gi and Hwan-gu-gum-cho which recorded envoy travelling to Russia in 1896 inherited the tradition of the past envoy travelling essay, in the meantime it is featured that they got away from East Asian viewpoint contacting to western civilization while changing and expanding recognition of time and space and focusing upon objective image pictures of the observation travel. 본고는 1896년 4월 1일 인천항을 출발하여, 5월 26일 아라사 황제 니콜라이2세 대관식에 참석하고 10월 21일 귀국하기까지 7개월간 11개국을 경유하는 7만여 리에 육박하는 俄羅斯 使行을 주목한다. 특히, 金得鍊이 선진 서구문명과 신세계를 직접 견문하고 체험하여 저술한 『環璆日記』와 『環璆唫艸』는 과거 연행록과 해사록을 남기는 使行錄의 전통을 계승하며, 상호보완적 성격을 지니는 불가분의 관계이다. 『環璆日記』는 시간 인식의 변화(음력→양력․음력․아라사력)와 공간 인식의 확장(동아시아→탈동아시아)이 나타나며, 아라사의 지리․경제․문화는 물론 기후․풍속에 이르기까지 상세한 정보를 기록한다. 『環璆唫艸』는 見聞紀行한 사실을 주관적 감회를 상당 부분 차단한 채 객관적으로 形象化하는데, 선진문명과 신세계를 견문하고 체험하면서 사실 자체를 있는 그대로 보여주려는 의도이다. 이와 같이, 1896년 아라사 사행을 기록한 『環璆日記』와 『環璆唫艸』는 과거 사행록의 전통을 계승하는 한편, 동아시아 세계를 벗어나 서구문명과 교섭(접촉)하면서 時空 認識의 변화와 확장이 나타나고 견문기행의 객관적 형상화에 주력하는 특징적 면모를 지닌다.

국내 관광경찰 도입에 따른 지역사회 주도형 관광경찰 활동전략에 관한 연구

박한호 ( Han Ho Park ),한상암 ( Sang Am Han ) 한국경찰학회 2014 한국경찰학회보 Vol.16 No.1

Tourists consider others in addition to crime rate when judging the security level of travel destination. They select travel destination by various information such as very sensitive political problem, social & economic problems, natural environment, terrorism information, and security related press releases and plan the travel schedule. In addition to this, potential selection of travel destination is related to how fast security problem and inconvenience can be measured. Due to such reason, many countries provide security service to respond to security problem and to remove inconveniences by establishing tourist police if security matter occurs during travelling. Such tourist police is charge of travel security service by implementing security focused tourist police activities and service-oriented tourist police activities in strategical aspect according to the situation of each country for safer travelling. However, these two strategies are made focusing on foreign tourists. Korea also introduces tourist police strategies of foreign countries by benchmarking. But foreigners feel difficult to find out such inconveniences and security threats of foreign tourists and without supports and help of community members of travelling area, these will not be solved actually. Therefore, community leading type tourist police strategy suggested by this article should be introduced. In particular, in an aspect that travelling is related to travelling satisfaction, the matters more directly related to the travelling should be solved with members in travelling area, in other words community members who are directly related to the matters of community. It`s because multiple inconveniences including security matter can be solved through community leading type tourist police activities. According to this, this study shows newly introduced tourist police system and tries to apply community leading type tourist police activities as a security strategy of tourist police. Also, this study suggested strategy and operational aspect of tourist police in each country and made a policy suggestion needed to community leading type tourist police activity by suggesting strategical characterization, understanding & cooperation system of community leading type tourist police, a plan to share the strategy of community leading type tourist police activity, and native cooperation strategy through the analysis of newly established tourist police.

조선시대 소백산 유산록에 대한 고찰

정지아 ( Jeong Ji Ah ) 택민국학연구원 2022 국학연구론총 Vol.- No.29

소백산은 백두대간의 주축이며 강원도·충청도·전라도·경상도를 가르는 영남의 진산(鎭山)이다. 풍수지리적 관점에서 지덕(地德)이 높아 격암(格菴) 남사고(南師古)는 소백산을 ‘사람을 살리는 산’, 즉 활인산(活人山)이라고 하며 반드시 타고 가던 말에서 내려 절을 하였다고 한다. 소백산은 또한 역대왕과 왕비의 태실이 있는 곳으로 경원봉(慶元峯)은 고려 충숙왕의 태, 윤암봉(輪庵峯)은 조선 소헌왕후의 태, 초암동(草庵洞)은 고려 충렬왕의 태, 욱금동(郁錦洞)은 고려 충목왕의 태를 안치하였다. 초암골에는 조선 후기 사림들이 경영한 죽계구곡이 남아 있고, 인근의 백운동에는 우리나라 최초의 사액서원인 소수서원이 자리 잡고 있어 인근 지역의 문인 학자들이 독서처와 은둔처로 애호하였으며 이 때의 경험을 시와 유산록 등으로 기록하였다. 특히, 퇴계 이황이 소백을 유람하고 <유소백산록(遊小白山錄)>을 남긴 이래로 청량산과 함께 퇴계의 정신세계와 학문적 자취가 깃든 곳으로 인식되었으며, 인근 지역의 문인들이 유람 후 남긴 유산록이 여러 편 남아 있다. 그러나 소백산 유산록에 대해서는 퇴계의 「유소백산록」에 대해서만 논의되었을 뿐, 현재 전하고 있는 작품 전반에 대해서는 논의된 적이 없었으므로, 본고에서는 우선 소백산 유산록 작품들의 현황을 정리 및 개괄하고 소백산 유산록의 특징에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 현재 전하는 소백산 유산록은 모두 14편의 작품이 있는데, 16세기에 3편, 18세기에 6편, 19세기에 5편이 있다. 17세기에 기록된 유산록은 보이지 않는데, 아직까지 찾아내지 못한 결과로 보인다. 소백산 유산록의 특징은 두 가지로 살펴보았는데 첫 번째는 주세붕과 퇴계가 공자의 정명론에 입각하여 소백산에 대해 명명한 것이고, 두 번째는 후인들에게서 소백산을 퇴계를 경모, 추모하는 공간으로 인식하는 경향이 나타난 것이다. 소백산에 오른 유람자의 현실적 기반과 처지 등은 모두 달랐을 것이고, 그에 따른 소백산은 분명 다르게 다가왔을 것이다. 그러나 유람자의 학파적 성향, 산수관, 글쓰기 방법, 의론 도출 방법, 표현적 특징 등 개별 작가의 구체적인 창작 배경을 배제하고 같은 산을 올랐다는 이유만으로 본고에서는 ‘소백산 유산록’으로 묶어 살펴보았다. 시대마다 학파마다 유람자의 개인적 처지에 따라 그 답은 다르게 표출되고 있는데, 소백산은 퇴계의 유산록이 남아있다는 것에 매몰되어 이미 답을 도출해놓고 분석한 것은 아닌지 반성해본다. 다만, 소백산 유산록에 대해서는 퇴계의 「유소백산록」에 대해서만 논의되었을 뿐이었는데 현재 전하고 있는 작품 전반에 대해서 논의해본 것에 그 의의가 있다고 하겠다. Sobaek-san is the main axis of Baekdudaegan(白頭大幹) and a major mountain of Yeongnam that separates Gangwon-do, Chungcheong-do, Jeolla-do, and Gyeongsang-do. It was said that Gyeok-am Namsago called Sobaeksan “the mountain that saves people” and got off the horse he was riding to bow down to the mountain. Sobaeksan is also the place where the lacenta chambers of some kings and queens consorts were enshrined: King Chungsuk of Goryeo at Gyeongwonbong, Queen Soheon of Joseon at Yunambong, King Chungryeol of Goryeo at Choamdong, and King Chungmok of Goryeo at Ukgeumdong. The Jukgyegugok managed by Sarims in the late Joseon Dynasty remains in Choamgol, and in nearby Baekundong, Korea’s first King-supported Seowon, is located. These facilities were favored by local literary scholars as a place for reading and retreat, and they recorded their experiences in the form of poems and excursions. In particular, since < Yusobaeksanrok > (遊小白山錄), a travel writing of Sobaeksan by Toegye Yi Hwang, this mountain was respected by scholars of the Toegye school as a more noble mountain, and along with Cheongnyangsan of Bonghwa, this was recognized as a place to represent spiritual world and academic traces of Toegye. Writers from nearby areas also left many travel writings. However, the existing discussions on Sobaeksan travel writing mainly dealt with < Yoosobaeksanrok >, and there was almost no discussion about other works. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to summarize the Sobaeksan travel writings and examine the characteristics of this mountain. A total of 14 Sobaeksan travel writings have been found. Among them, three from the 16th century, six from the 18th century, and five from the 19th century. The writing from 17th century has not yet been found. The naming of landscape is an essential process in the humanitization of natural geography. In particular, in the middle of the Joseon Dynasty, this naming occurred more in the process of including the nature around the residential base as a category of human geography, and in Sobaeksan travel writings, the characteristics of this mountain through naming during traveling is found. The characteristics of Sobaeksan is divided into two major categories. The first is the naming of landscapes by Ju Sebung and Toegye based on the theory of Confucianism, and the second is the tendency, after Toegye's death, to recognize Sobaeksan as a space to honor and commemorate him. The travelers' perception of Sobaeksan would have been different depending on their realistic base and circumstances. However, in this study, without considering the specific creative background of individual writers such as academic tendencies, landscape views, writing methods, methods of derivation of opinions, and expressive characteristics, the writings were referred to as ‘Sobaeksan travel writing’ just because they traveled the same mountain. Despite the fact that the answer is expressed differently depending on the era, school, and travelers' individual situation, this study may have already determined a right answer before analysis because of the obsession of the Toegye's travel writing. Though, this study contributed by discussing the overall Sobaeksan travel writings rather than, as with previous studies on Sobaeksan travel writings, focusing only on < Yusobaeksanrok > by Toegye Yi Hwang.

CPW 진행파 전극, M-Z형 Ti:LiNbO₃ 광 변조기

피중호,정은주,최정성,김창민,Pi Joong-Ho,Jung Eun-Joo,Choi Jung-Sung,Kim Chang-Min 한국광학회 2004 한국광학회지 Vol.15 No.5

We have fabricated a LiNbO$_3$ travelling-wave optical modulator. The travelling-wave modulator consisted of M-Z(Mach-Zehnder) interferometer and CPW(Coplanar Waveguide) travelling-wave electrodes. Design of CPW electrodes were performed by SOR(Successive Over Relaxation) to obtain the conditions of Microwave effective index and impedance matching. The fabricated modulator had -3.2 dB insertion loss, and S$_{11}$ below -15 dB up to 12 GHz, S$_{21}$ better than -3 dB upto 7 GHz. It turned out that the optical response showed the 3 dB bandwidth of above 12 GHz.

남북 간 정치적 불안정에 대한 위험인지와 보호동기, 여행회피의도 간의 영향관계에 대한 탐색적 연구 -중국인 잠재방문객을 대상으로 보호동기이론을 적용하여-

이민재,서원석 한국관광학회 2012 관광학연구 Vol.36 No.7

This study investigates the major factors likely to affect the intention to avoid traveling to South Korea based on Protection Motivation Theory and provides the direction to relieve the negative effect of political risk on travel. The proposed theoretical framework provides insight into visitors' cognitive process combined with 4 factors - severity, vulnerability, self-efficacy and response efficacy - affected by the political unstable environment. Two hundred and thirty-five Chinese international students in South Korea were sampled for this study. The results of the empirical analysis show that perceived risk of political instability has positive effects on intention to avoid travelling Korea via protection motivation. However, self-efficacy positively affected by political risk does not have significant correlation with intention to avoid travelling to Korea while severity, vulnerability and response efficacy of protection motivation have positive effects on intention. One important finding is that the strategy to decrease the response efficacy can mitigate the protection motivation behavior, avoiding travelling Korea. Further findings and implications are described within. 본 연구에서는 북한의 위협으로 인한 한반도의 정치적 불안정이 외국인의 한국 여행 의사 및 태도에 미치는 영향을 잠재방문객의 인지처리과정을 파악하여 여행회피의도 저감방안에 대한 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 한반도의 불안정한 정치적 환경에 영향을 받을 수 있는 잠재방문객의 인지처리 과정을 보호동기이론에서 제시한 심각성, 취약성, 자기 효능감, 대처 효능감의 4가지 측면으로 살펴보고자 한국에서 공부하는 235명의 중국인 유학생을 대상으로 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 정치적 불안정에 대한 위험 인지는 보호동기를 통해 한국여행을 피하고자 하는 의도에 유의한 정의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 심각성, 취약성과 대처효능감은 한국방문 회피의도에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타난 반면 정치적 위험에 정의 영향을 받는 자기 효능감은 한국 방문 회피 의도에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 대처효능감을 감소시키는 전략이 보호동기행동을 감소시킬 수 있다는 점 등 향후 남북 간 정치적 불안정 상황이 발생하는 경우 관광 부문에서 어떠한 대처방안이 필요한지에 대한 시사점을 제공한다.

A Study on Real-Time Autonomous Travelling Control of Two-wheel Driving Robot Based Ultrasonic Sensors

Won-Jun hwang(황원준),In-Man Park(박인만),Un-Wook Kang(강언욱),Sung-Hyun Han(한성현) 한국산업융합학회 2014 한국산업융합학회 논문집 Vol.17 No.3

We propose a new technique for autonomous navigation and travelling of mobile robot based on ultrasonic sensors through the narrow labyrinth that leave only distance of a few centimeters on each side between the guides and the robot. In our current implementation the ultrasonic sensor system fires at a rate of 100 ms, that is, each of the 8 sensors fires once during each 100 ms interval. This is a very good firing rate, implemented here for optimal performance. This paper presents an extensively tested and verified solution to the problem of obstacle avoidance. Our solution is based on the optimal placement of ultrasonic sensors at strategic locations around the robot. Both the sensor location and the associated navigation algorithm are defined in such a way that only the accurate radial sonar data is used for accurate travelling.

다층 버스 바를 이용한 극한 면적의 진행파 유전영동 미세입자 분류기

최은표,김병규,박정열 한국센서학회 2009 센서학회지 Vol.18 No.2

A Multilayered microelectrode design is presented for large area travelling wave dielectrophoresis (TwDEP) separators. Most of typical TwDEP chip has been arrayed with 1000 electrodes in 20 ×20㎟. However, there is a limitation of the device area that is critical in throughput, because when the area of TwDEP becomes larger, the resistance of microelectrodes for bus bar is also increased. In this paper, we successfully developed a novel TwDEP chip with extremely large area (31×25㎟) by a unique multilayered bus bar design. According to the resistance simulation of our microelectrodes, it is possible to realize a TwDEP chip with an infinite longitudinal length. We demonstrated the feasibility of our suggestion with latex microbeads and showed the potential of extremely high throughput separation with TwDEP technique.

진행파형 초음파 모터의 유한요소해석

김성현 ( Kim Seong Hyeon ),박태곤 ( Park Tae Gon ) 한국전기전자재료학회 2003 한국전기전자재료학회 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.2003 No.1

A Technology of Obstacle Avoidance of Mobile Robot

Se-Bong Oh(오세봉),Sung-Hyun Han(한성현) 한국생산제조학회 2008 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.17 No.6

We propose a new technique for autonomous navigation and travelling of mobile robot based on ultrasonic sensors through the narrow labyrinth that leave only distance of a few centimeters on each side between the guides and the robot. In our current implementation the ultrasonic sensor system fires at a rate of 100 ms, that is, each of the 8 sensors fires once during each 100 ms interval. This is a very good firing rate, implemented here for optimal performance. This paper presents an extensively tested and verified solution to the problem of obstacle avoidance. Our solution is based on the optimal placement of ultrasonic sensors at strategic locations around the robot. Both the sensor location and the associated navigation algorithm are defined in such a way that only the accurate radial sonar data is used for accurate travelling.

21C 국제보건의 동향과 전망 : 건강증진과 WHO

문옥륜 서울대학교 보건대학원 2001 서울大學校 保健環境硏究所論叢 Vol.11 No.1

The World Health Assembly of 2000 has made a resolution of the importance and urgency of prevention and control of noncommunicable disease(WHA 53.17) and framework convention on tobacco control(WHA 53.16), and of 2001 on transparency in tobacco control process(WHA 54.18). The executive Board will make diet, physical activity and health as the main resolution of the 2002 World Health Assembly. The trends have reminded us of the resolution of health promotion(WH 51.12) in 1998 and active ageing(WHA 52.7) in 1999. These tell us that the 21st century will be the era of health promotion and noncommunicable disease. This paper was presented at the Health & Medical Affairs Seminar for International Cooperation and Development Strategy organized by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, 27-28 December 2001 in Yangpung, Kyunggido. This paper has discussed main global issues related to health of the mankind in the 21st century: ageing, non-communicable disease, environmental pollution, occupational health, HIV/AIDS, smoking, obesity, and the rise of travelling. The paper has emphasized and importance of managing common behavioral risk factors such as tobacco, diet, alcohol, physical activity, and socio-economic, cultural & environmental factors. These are the main risk factors of cardio-vascular disease, cancer and chronic respiratory disease and diabetes mellitus. Avoiding the emergency of common main risk factors is the most basic strategy to be implemented. This should be involved in a comprehensive prevention strategy, which is cost-effective. To be cost-effective, a community-based intervention is a necessity.