선교적 교회론을 통한 마을목회 연구 : 고기교회를 중심으로

남선주 웨스트민스터신학대학원대학교 신학대학원 2025 국내박사

‘Town ministry’ has recently emerged as a representative practical model in the Korean context of the missional church movement, drawing increasing academic attention. In town ministry, the church, as God’s commissioned agent within the community to which it is sent, assumes the role of a missionary who embodies the values of the Kingdom of God together with the town. Therefore, town ministry is fundamentally grounded in the theology of the missional church. The concept of missional ecclesiology was introduced to Korea in the early 2000s, during which a paradigm shift began regarding the nature, identity, and mission of the traditional church. Missional ecclesiology gained significant momentum in Korean churches after the COVID-19 pandemic for two primary reasons. First, the pandemic revealed the true state of the Korean church, exposing its weaknesses and limitations. Since then, the Korean church has continued to face difficulties, appearing to reach the end of its growth and revival period that had lasted for decades. Second, in a postmodern era marked by ideological confusion—intensified especially after the declaration of martial law and the impeachment crisis in December of the 20th presidential term—the church must reaffirm its essential identity and nature to offer a faithful Christian witness amid increasing division and conflict. Town ministry understands the town as the locus where missional ecclesiology can be practically embodied. Its starting point lies in defining the relationship between the church and the town. The town is a place that existed even before the establishment of the church, formed within God’s created order, where His common grace operates. This implies that the church does not stand above the town but maintains a horizontal and reciprocal relationship with it. As one of the communities belonging to the town, the church should listen attentively to the needs of the townspeople. It must participate in addressing local problems, caring for marginalized neighbors and the vulnerable, and pursuing the common good for the town’s holistic shalom. To that end, the church should collaborate with other local institutions to embody the values of the Kingdom of God comprehensively, serving as a missional hub within the town. The theological foundation of town ministry rests upon the concept of Missio Dei—God’s sovereign mission in which the church participates. Accordingly, the essence of the church lies not in what it does but in how it exists as one who has been sent by God, the true subject of mission. The town ministry of Gogi Church views the town of Gogi-dong as a missionary field to which the church has been sent. This perspective finds expression in several key practices. First, following God who is already at work throughout the town, the church moves beyond its walls to engage in the daily lives of residents, embodying the incarnational presence of Christ. Second, it endeavors to preserve the local ecology and environment, extending its concern from human-centered ministry to the care of all creation. Third, it participates in local issues concerning justice and peace as an expression of social responsibility, not as a political activism but as an act of protection for the town and its people. Town ministry, therefore, rejects a dualistic separation between church and world, affirming God’s sovereignty over all creation and strengthening the church’s social responsibility. This study examines and analyzes the town ministry of Gogi Church in Suji-gu, Yongin City, evaluating it through the lens of missional ecclesiology. Through this case study, it aims to demonstrate that town ministry, as a practical expression of the missional church, offers a hopeful model for the renewal and future of the Korean church. ‘마을목회’는 최근 한국형 선교적 교회 운동의 대표적 실천 사례로서 활발히 연구 되고 있는 분야이다. 마을목회에서 교회는 보내심을 받은 지역에서 하나님의 대리 수행 자로서 그 지역 안에서 지역과 함께 하나님 나라의 가치를 이루어 가는 선교자의 역할 을 감당한다는 개념의 틀을 가진다. 따라서 마을목회는 선교적 교회론을 토대로 하고 있다. ‘선교적 교회론’이 우리나라에 소개된 것은 2000년대 초반인데 이 무렵부터 기존 의 전통적인 교회가 지니고 있던 교회의 본질과 정체성, 선교에 대한 패러다임의 전환이 일어나기 시작했다. 선교적 교회론은 코로나 팬데믹 이후 한국교회 안에서 본격적으로 대두되었는데 그 이유는 첫 번째로 코로나 팬데믹 기간 한국교회의 민낯이 그대로 드러 났기 때문이다. 그 후 지금까지도 한국교회는 지난 세기 누려왔던 성장과 부흥의 끝을 보는 것 같은 어려운 시기를 겪고 있다. 두 번째 이유는 포스트모더니즘 시대에 교회의 본질과 정체성을 더욱 확고히 하여야 할 필요성 때문이다. 특별히 작년 12월 20대 대통령의 비상계엄 선포와 탄핵을 계기로 극명하게 드러난 좌, 우의 대립과 갈등. 쉽게 분별 되지 않는 이데올로기의 혼란이 심화할수록 교회는 본질과 정체성을 확고히 다짐으로, 이 시대의 신실한 기독교적 증언을 구현해 내야 한다. 마을목회는 그러한 선교적 교회론이 구현될 수 있는 실천의 장으로 마을을 이해한다. 마을목회의 시작은 마을과 교회의 관계 정립부터인데 마을은 교회가 세워지기 전부 터 하나님께서 창조하신 질서 가운데 존재하는 장소이며 하나님의 일반 은총의 섭리가 작동되는 곳이다. 이것은 교회가 마을보다 우위에 있지 않다는 의미로 수평적 상호 관계를 맺는다. 교회도 마을에 속한 하나의 공동체로 존재하면서 마을 주민에게 관심을 기울 여 그들의 필요를 읽어내야 한다. 교회는 마을의 문제를 함께 고민하고 해결하며 소외된 이웃과 사회적 약자를 돌보는 등 마을 전체의 샬롬을 위해 공공선을 추구해야 한다. 이를 위해 교회는 마을 안에 있는 다른 기관들과 협력함으로 포괄적으로 하나님 나라의 가치를 구현해 내는 거점 역할이다. 마을목회의 신학적 토대가 되는 선교적 교회론의 핵심은, 앞서 행하시는 하나님의 주권적 일하심에 교회가 참여하는 ‘하나님의 선교’(Missio Dei)에 있다. 따라서 교회는 선교의 주체인 하나님께 보냄받은 자로써 무엇을 행하는가가 아닌 어떤 모습으로 존재하는가가 그 본질이 된다. ‘고기교회’의 마을목회는 고기동이라는 마을을 보냄받은 선교지로 인식한다. 이러한 인식은 다음과 같은 사역으로 발현된다. 첫째, 마을 전체에서 일하시는 하나님을 좇아 교회 안에 머물지 않고 교회 너머의 마을과 주민들 삶의 현장에 참여한다. 이것은 마을의 필요에 구체적으로 응답하는 성육신적 사역의 모습이다. 둘째, 마을 안의 생태와 환경 보존을 위해 노력하는데, 이는 사람 중심에서 벗어나 피조세계 전체로 확장된 창조 세계의 돌봄이다. 셋째, 상황과 여건에 따라 하나님의 정의와 평화를 위한 지역 현안에 참여한다. 이것은 사회적 운동 차원이 아닌 마을과 마을 주민을 지키기 위한 사회적 책임이다. 이러한 마을목회는 세상과 교회를 인위적으로 분리하지 않는 구조이다. 따라서 마을목회는 사회 전체에 대한 하나님의 주권을 인정하며, 교회의 사회적 책임을 강화할 수 있다. 본 연구는 마을목회의 구체적인 사례로 용인시 수지구에 있는 고기교회의 선교적 교회 사역을 조사, 분석하여 선교적 교회론의 관점으로 평가하였다. 이를 통해 선교적 교회론의 실천적 전개인 마을목회가 한국교회의 희망을 더욱 굳건히 하는 데 적합한 사례로서 기여하고자 한다.

신도시 개발의 문제점과 제도개선방안 연구

이재원 건국대학교 행정대학원 2009 국내석사

우리나라 신도시 개발에 관한 연구는 그동안 수많은 논문에서 고찰되어 왔다. 자연발생적인 도시와는 달리 공업화도시, 산업도시, 계획도시로 이어지는 등 고도 산업화의 부산물로 귀결된 수도권의 주택공급 부족으로 인하여 새로운 주거단지를 만들기 위한 노력은 계속되어 왔다. 그 후 본격적인 1기 신도시의 개발 완료와 2시 신도시의 입주를 앞두고 있는 이 시점에서 다음과 같은 문제를 가지고 살펴보고자 한다. 기존 신도시 개발의 현황과 시기별 대표적인 문제점, 그리고 간략한 외국의 사례를 통해서 벤치마킹할 수 있는 부분을 살펴본 후 제도적인 측면의 개선 방안을 간추리고 향후 개발 계획이 수립될 신도시에 대한 바람직한 대안과 주안점을 제시하고자 한다. 첫째로 신도시란 무엇인가에 대한 개요 및 정의와 이론적 배경을 통하여 신도시의 개괄을 먼저 알아본다. 그동안 신도시에 대한 해석이 여러 가지로 분류되었던바 현대적인 의미로 접근하여 실질적인 해석으로 신도시의 개념을 살펴보기로 한다. 둘째로, 기본적으로 신도시 개발의 주체인 국가 즉, 지금의 국토해양부(舊, 건설교통부), 토지공사를 주축으로 개발이 완료된 1기 신도시의 현황을 살펴본후 입주가 시작된 동탄신도시를 중심으로 한창 개발중인 2기 신도시의 개발 개요 및 사업 현황을 알아본다. 또한 시기별 신도시 개발시 발생한 문제점에 대한 파악과 이에 대한 평가를 살펴본 후 총괄적인 의견을 제시하고자 한다. 그리고 그동안 논의된 내용으로 제도개선사항을 알아본다. 아울러 외국의 개발 사례와 그에 따른 개선 사례를 살펴보아 국내와 외국의 차이를 살펴보고 설문조사를 통하여 종합적인 의견을 도출하고자 한다. 결론적으로 국내의 신도시 개발 현황과 문제점, 제도적인 개선 방안 그리고 외국의 개발 사례 및 설문조사를 통한 분석을 참고하여 향후 신도시 개발시 주요 체크포인트로 간주해야 할 몇 가지 방안을 제시하였다. The development of new town in Korea has been investigated in numerous papers for the years. Efforts have continuously been made to build the new residential complex due to the shortage of housing supply in the metropolitan area attributed to the by-product of high industrialization, such as the industrialized city, the industrial city, the planned city, unlike the spontaneously generated city. At this point in time when we will witness the completion of the development of the 1st-term new town and the occupancy of the 2nd-term new town, this study attempts to investigate the problem. It attempted to investigate the present situation of the existing new town, its typical problems by period, and the part to be benchmarked through brief foreign cases, provide the scheme for development of the institutional aspect and present the desirable alternative to and essential point of the new town for which the development plan would be established in the future. First, it attempts to investigate the general overview of the new town through its outline, definition and theoretical background. For the year, there have been the several divisions of the interpretation of the new town. So this study attempts to investigate the concept of the new town by approaching its contemporary meaning and make a real interpretation of it. Second, this study attempts to investigate the present situation of the 1st-term new town whose development was completed by national government which is the agent of new town development, namely, the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs and the Korea Land Corporation. And then it seeks to investigate the outline of the development of the 2nd-term new town under construction around the Dongtan New Town which has begun to be occupied by residents, and the present situation of the project. And it attempts to identify the problems occurring at the time of new town development by period and then present the general opinion of them. And it attempts to investigate the matter of institutional improvement as the contents discussed for the years. In addition, it seeks to investigate the case of foreign development and the resultant case of improvement, investigate a difference in between Korea and foreign countries and elicit the comprehensive opinion of it through the questionnaire research. In conclusion, this study presents several schemes to be considered as the major checkpoint at the time of future new town development by reference to the analysis of the present situation and problem of new town development at home, the institutional improvement scheme and the case of foreign development and the results of the questionnaire research.

환경 친화적 신도시 계획 수립을 위한 계획 지표의 인과순환관계 고찰과 중요도 분석 : 양주 신도시 사례 적용을 통해

최은정 서울시립대학교 대학원 2007 국내석사

New Town Locations and Commuting Behavior: Empirical Evidence from the Seoul Metropolitan Area

다라봉 팽시 한양대학교 도시대학원 2025 국내박사

New towns have evolved over the decades, significantly contributing to urban growth by meeting housing demand. Typically established in metropolitan areas, these new towns have profoundly influenced urban spatial structures and commuting behavior. To mitigate potential negative consequences, such as inefficient commuting patterns, planners have emphasized strategies such as job-housing balance/self-containment. However, the effectiveness of these approaches remains mixed. Notably, the location of new towns, particularly their distance from city centers and destination accessibility, plays a pivotal role in shaping metropolitan commuting patterns. However, research exploring the relationship between distance from a new town to city centers and commuter behaviors (times, distances, and mode choice), especially in high-density contexts such as Korea, remains limited. To address this limitation, this study investigated the commuting behaviors of residents in new towns and the broader Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), focusing on commuting times, distance, and mode choice. A baseline analysis of SMA's spatial structure provides a crucial context for understanding the unique characteristics of new town locations. The findings reveal a distinct non-linear relationship between new town locations and commuting behaviors, challenging traditional linear models. An inverted U-shaped pattern emerges for commuting times and distances, with commuters in new towns either close to or far from the city center experiencing shorter commutes, whereas intermediate locations exhibit longer commutes but greater public transit use. This aligns with the sustainable transportation objectives. Comparatively, new town residents, owing to their peripheral locations, face longer average commuting times and distances than those in the SMA. However, they exhibit a greater reliance on non-motorized modes for short trips, supported by pedestrian-friendly designs. Notably, new towns with robust public transit infrastructure encourage sustainable commuting, even as their distance from the city center increases, demonstrating the importance of transit-oriented development. The study underscores the critical role of location dynamics, transit-oriented policies, and job-housing balance in shaping sustainable commuting behaviors. This highlights the need for tailored approaches such as enhanced regional transit connectivity, local job creation, and improved active transportation infrastructure to address the challenges faced by new towns. While acknowledging limitations, including the absence of precise origin-destination data and the potential impacts of COVID-19, this research lays the groundwork for future research. This calls for detailed examinations of individual new towns, long-term urban policy evaluations, and comparative analyses across other metropolitan regions. By elucidating the interplay between spatial and socioeconomic factors, this study offers valuable insights for sustainable urban development and practical guidance for policymakers and urban planners.

고령화 사회를 대비한 실버타운 도시계획에 관한 연구

김하영 건국대학교 행정대학원 2009 국내석사

The biggest issue among problems generated according to rapid proceeding of the speed of aging in Korea after entering into the year of 2000 is the reality that the issue appears as an important problem of the government not as simple issues of each individual such as residence related facility, social welfare facility, culture & leisure facility, and employment plan of re-finding of jobs of increasing population of class of old people. Contrary to increasing population of old people, Silver related accommodation facility to accommodate this is lacking and with the current facility as the level of senior houses, it is not in the situation complying to requirements of the current high level of senior class. Therefore, developing high quality silver town complying to requirements of aging class in the future is an urgent task in the current point of time. So, in this study, as a study on urban planning of silver town in preparation of aging society, natural feasibility and planned characteristics of development of sustainable urban type silver town in existing living base of old people through analyses of proper counteraction plans against poor and bad environment and cases of developed countries will be reviewed by positively utilizing excellent environment cities have and the purpose is to suggest planning plans of urban planning of silver town in compliance with actual aging society. Suggestion of directions of development plans for efficient silver town through this study is as follow. First, during development of silver towns, by stopping development of independent land in midtown of cities with high land price, development shall be carried out centering on relatively comfortable urban residence places such as places where surrounding environment of urban residence is stable. Second, since silver towns have concept of permanent residence only for old people, development of service program and etc must be reviewed from planning time in detail together with opening of facilities through formation of communities with local residents. Third, shortage in preparation of laws and systems appeared as the biggest problems in development plans of silver towns. Therefore, the government shall prepare positive support countermeasure regarding development and operation of silver towns in aspect of welfare of seniors even just for a certain period. While high classes apply principle of market economy in an economic aspect, it is important for low income classes to reduce difference of richness and poverty between high income classes and low income classes through national official assistance. Also, middle income class may solve security deposits of tenants with burdens of the government and each individual of the middle income class. Developments of silver towns, which are changing in the future, are appearing as blue ocean in compliance with super aging and reserved aging. So, various reviews of projects for carrying out development of silver towns according to this and efforts to solve obstacles in licenses and permits such as analysis of demand for users, analysis of Needs, re-arrangement of relevant policies and related laws and regulations, acquital of regulations on use of land, and of tax related regulations according to that must be carried out. In addition, in reflecting to diversity and complexity of silver town, relationship between each silver town in the future, which will approach, shall be considered and in plans for development of new cities or promotion regions of re-arrangement, it is also task to research on preparing various plans such as implementation including plans for development of theme type silver town per each local autonomous organization. 우리나라가 2000년대에 들어서면서 노령화 속도가 급진전됨에 따라 생기는 문제 중에 가장 큰 문제점은 늘어나는 고령화층 인구의 주거관련시설 및 사회 복지시설, 문화 여가시설, 재취업 고용방안 등 개개인의 문제를 떠나 정부 차원의 중요한 문제점으로 부각되고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 고령화 인구가 늘어나는데 반해 이를 수용할 실버 관련 수용 시설은 턱없이 부족한 실정이며, 현재의 양로원 수준의 시설로는 높은 수준의 현 고령자 층의 요구에 부합 될 수 없는 처지에 놓여있다. 따라서 앞으로의 고령화 층의 요구에 부합되는 복합적인 양질의 실버타운을 개발하는 것이 현시점에 시급한 과제가 되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 고령화 사회를 대비한 실버타운의 도시계획에 관한 연구로 도시가 가지고 있는 우수한 환경을 적극 활용하여, 열악한 환경에 대한 적절한 대처 방안과 선진국의 사례분석을 통해 노인들의 기존의 삶의 터전에 지속적으로 발전 가능한 도시형 실버타운개발의 당위성과 계획적 특성을 살펴보고, 실제 고령화 사회에 맞는 실버타운의 도시계획적 계획안을 제안해 보고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구를 통해 효율적인 실버타운 계발의 계획 방향성을 제안하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 실버타운 개발시 지가가 높은 도시 중심지 단독 필지에서의 개발을 지양하고 주변 환경이 비교적 쾌적한 도시주거지 등의 안정적인 곳으로 개발이 이루어져야 한다. 둘째, 실버타운은 노인들만의 영속적 주거개념이 강하여 지역주민들과의 커뮤니티 형성을 통한 시설 개방과 더불어 서비스 프로그램 등의 개발이 계획시 부터 면밀하게 검토되어져야 하겠다. 셋째, 법, 제도상의 미비가 실버타운 개발 계획의 가장 큰 문제점으로 나타났다. 그러므로 정부가 노인복지 측면에서 실버타운 개발과 운영에 대한 적극적인 지원 대책을 일정기간 동안에라도 마련해야 한다. 경제적 측면에서는 상류층은 시장경제의 원리를 적용하는 반면, 저소득층은 국가의 공적 부조를 통해서 상류층과 저소득층의 빈부의 격차를 줄이는 것이 중요하다. 또한 중산층은 정부와 본인의 부담으로 입주보증금을 해결할 수 도 있을 것이다. 앞으로 변화되어지는 실버타운의 개발은 초고령화, 예비 고령화에 맞추어 블루 오션으로 등장하고 있다. 이에 따라 실버타운의 개발을 추진하기 위한 다각적인 사업검토와 이용자들에 대한 수요분석, 욕구(Needs) 분석, 관련 정책 및 관련 법규의 재정비, 토지 사용에 대한 규제 해제, 그에 따른 세금 관련 법규 등 인·허가상의 애로점을 해결하는 노력을 기울여야 할 것 이다. 또한 실버타운의 다양성과 복합성에 비추어볼 때 앞으로 다가 올 미래의 각 실버타운간의 관계도 고려하여야 하며 신도시 개발이나 재정비촉진지구에 대한 계획에 각 지방 자치 단체별 테마형 실버타운 개발에 대한 계획을 포함하여 추진하는 등 다양한 방안 마련 등도 연구해야 할 과제이다.

문화관광 배경 하에 중국 특성화 마을의 발전영향 요인에 관한 연구

장여하 계명대학교 대학원 2021 국내박사

이번 연구의 목적은 중국 특화 마을의 관광화 발전에 영향을 미치는 주요 영향요인을 자원, 지역, 환경 등 3가지 차원으로 구성하고 요인들의 상호작용을 측정하기 위한 것이다. 본 연구는 중국 허난성에서 최초로 국가급 특색 마을로 선정된 자오쭤 시 자오바오 진(焦作市赵堡镇), 우주시 신후진(禹州市神垕镇), 남양시 태평진(南阳市太平镇), 주마뎬 시 죽구진(驻马店市竹沟镇)을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 초기 연구는 2020년 4월 1일부터 시작해서 2020년 6월 15일까지 4개 마을에 대한 현지조사를 진행하였으며, 최종 설문조사는 2020년 9월 1일부터 2020년 9월 10일까지 앙케이트 스타(问卷星)통해 실시하였다. 설문조사를 위한 데이터를 선별한 후 총 487건의 유효 설문지를 최종분석에 사용하였다. 본 연구에서는 SPSSAU와 AMOS 22.0 통계 프로그램을 활용하여 선별한 데이터에 대해 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관성분석, 확인적 요인분석 및 경로분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다; 우선, 연구결과를 통해 자원요소, 지역요소, 그리고 환경요소는 중국 특화마을발전의 주요 영향 요인이라는 것을 알 수 있었다. 자원요소 중에서 관광자원이 특화마을의 발전에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 기반시설 건설은 특화마을의 발전에 긍정적이고 현저한 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다. 지역요인 중에서 경제지역은 특화마을의 발전에 긍정적이면서도 확고한 영향을 미쳤고, 교통지역도 역시 특화 마을의 발전에 긍정적 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 환경요인에서는 정책 환경 및 시장 환경이 특화마을의 발전에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 조사되었다. 마지막으로 환경요소 중에 자본의 개입은 특화마을의 발전에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 특화마을은 관광화 리모델링을 통해 마을의 관광자원을 충분히 활용하여 마을의 독특한 매력과 현명한 테마문화를 형성하고, 프리미엄산업을 개척하고 관광을 통해 소비력을 증대시켜 특화마을을 더욱 생명력 있게 만들어 가고 있다. 또한 특화마을은 관광화 리모델링을 통해 양호한 생태환경과 공기 그리고 양호한 거주 환경을 갖추고 있다. 양질의 생활환경을 강조하는 것이 특화마을이 존재하는 관건이다. 특화마을은 프리미엄 산업화와 관광 편의화를 통해 정부의 바른 인도와 시장역량의 추진 하에 생명력 있고 경쟁력 있는 특화마을로 거듭날 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this research is to measure the main influencing factors and interactions that affect the tourism development of Chinese characteristic towns from the three dimensions of resources, location and environment. In this survey, the first batch of national-level characteristic towns in Henan Province, namely Zhaobao Town of Jiaozuo City, Shenhou Town of Yuzhou City, Taiping Town of Nanyang City, and Zhugou Town of Zhumadian City, were selected as the research objects. A field survey of four towns was conducted at the stage of the preliminary study from April 1, 2020 to June 15, 2020. The final questionnaire was distributed from September 1, 2020 to September 10, 2020 through the method of questionnaire star. After data screening, a total of 487 questionnaires were used for further analysis. Using SPSSAU and AMOS 22.0, frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling and structural equation model modification were performed on the data screened in this research. The main findings of this research are as follows: First, the research results show that resources, location and environment are all influencing factors for the development of Chinese characteristic towns. Secondly, among the resource factors, condition of tourism resources has a positive impact on the development of characteristic towns, and the infrastructure construction has a positive and significant impact on the development of characteristic towns. Among the location factors, economic location has a positive impact on the development of characteristic towns, while traffic location has a positive impact on the development of characteristic towns. Among environmental factors, the policy environment has a positive influence on the development of characteristic towns, and the market environment has a positive influence on the development of characteristic towns. Finally, among environmental factors, capital intervention does not have a positive impact on the development of characteristic towns. Through tourism transformation, characteristic towns make full use of the town’s tourism resources to form a unique charm and distinctive theme culture, which can expand the boundaries of high-end industry radiation. Through the flow of tourism, we can generate greater consumption power and make characteristic towns more vital. At the same time, the characteristic town has been transformed into tourism, so that the town has a good ecological environment, air quality and living environment. Emphasizing a high-quality living environment is the key to the existence of characteristic towns. Only through the development of high-end industrialization and tourism facilitation, characteristic towns can create characteristic charming towns with long-term vitality and competitiveness under the correct guidance of the government and the promotion of market forces.

실버타운 개발방향과 운영활성화에 관한 연구

용정택 세종대학교 대학원 2003 국내석사

As the average life expectancy of Korean people increases thanks to the development of industrial and medical technology, Korea approaches an aging society due to the increased aged population. An aging society is a happening of long-standing in advanced countries, such as Scandinavian countries, America and Japan. In Korea, where the aged population has been fast growing since the 1980s, the persons older than 65 are expected to increase to 14% of the total population in 2019 from 7% in 2000. Silver towns, which had difficulties in recruiting tenants for a time after the first appearance in 1988, nowadays enjoy popularity as a third home among the increased aged of wealth. The supply of silver towns, which prematurely boomed in Korea thanks to government loan up to 80% of the construction cost of paid institutions for the aged, still exceeds the demand. In light of the tendency that the responsibility for the caring of the aged is gradually switched over to the society from families, silver towns appear inevitably to boom around 2008 when national pension will begin to be regularly paid. Silver towns have failed to be activated due to unfavorable social awareness, and inexperienced development and operation so far despite the economic potentiality for success. On the other hand, however, silver towns can relieve supporting families from psychological burdens with the spread of Western values and nuclear family system. In addition, silver towns provide the aged with a place where they may spend their declining years in association with their peers. It is recommended to financially prepare for their old age in their thirties or forties. Given the fact that women prepare for their old age earlier than men, women seem to be more circumspect in preparing for their future living than men. Various survey show that the younger they are, the earlier they begin to financially prepare for their future. This study suggests the followings to promote the development of silver towns: First, it is advised to build the facilities for the aged in combination with the facilities for family gathering and general recreation so that the aged residing in silver towns don't feel that they are alienated from families and friends. Second, silver towns should be equipped with facilities for convenience and medical service and develop programs that can relieve the aged from helplessness, loneliness and sense of alienation. As the aged are physically fragile, silver towns should provide services customized by experts to ensure physical safety in the management and operation. Third, considering the fact that imperfect laws and institution were found to be the largest impediment in the development of silver towns, government should prepare the policy to support the development and operation of silver towns in terms of the welfare for the aged, though it may be a temporary policy. To take some instances, the Law for Use and Management of National Land and tax-related laws should be revised in a way to help with and allow tax exemption and reduction in the development of silver towns. In economical terms, low-income class should be supported with public aid, while the principle of market economy is applied to the upper class, so that the gap between the have and the have-not can be reduced. The middle class can be helped by the government support in paying the deposit money. Fourth, to promote the development of silver towns, it is recommended to lower property and composite land tax and attract private business. Social support and awareness should be changed so that investment in welfare facilities for the aged can be encouraged. It is also required to exempt the acquisition tax and reduce composite land tax and property tax for the acquisition of real estate for the construction of welfare facilities for the aged. Fifth, social and cultural conception and awareness should be changed, which were found to impediment the activation of silver towns. There are a number of people who oppose against the residence of their parents in silver town, while favor the residence of other aged persons in silver town. To eradicate the perception against the paid facilities for the aged, such as silver towns, it should be publicized that silver towns are different from the existing nursing homes and facilities for the deserted old persons. Examples of the residence of the famous figures in silver town should be publicized via mass media, such as newspapers, broadcasting and magazines. PR should be conducted to spread the perception that silver towns are not the facilities to accomodate the deserted old persons or only for the aged residing in the town, but the welfare and leisure facilities for their families and friends as well as the residents. As our society advances toward an aging society, it is required for the government to have political intention and exert efforts to meet the demand for welfare of the aged. It is expected that private business will effectively participate in silver town projects, as the old persons with means and time gradually increase so that the silver industry can be a prosperous business and attract attention to it.

Functional Network and Spatial Characteristics of Town Hotels

유재영 부산대학교 대학원 2020 국내석사

Recently, the decline of downtown and towns has continued, and as a result, the social, economic, and cultural abilities of the city have been declining, and interest in ways to revitalize the decayed cities or towns is steadily increasing. The plan is steadily attracting attention. However, most of them are limited to the use of point-by-point units that only create a physical environment, and have limitations that cannot be focused on their connection or town level. In order to overcome these limitations, 'town hotel' has recently emerged as a new alternative to regional revitalization. Therefore, in this study, the definition of town hotels was defined, trends of town hotels were identified, and the regional background and status of town hotels, the status of town hotels themselves, and the status of town hotel resources were analyzed. Through this, the research was conducted to find spatial characteristics through functional linkage and distance analysis between town hotels and towns. First, based on advanced cases and prior studies, the similar terms of town hotels were defined and town hotels were defined. Next, data was built through field surveys and interviews, and the current status of the town and the current status of the town hotels were analyzed. Third, classification of functional classification and linkage was classified through analysis of town resources of town hotels, and distance analysis was conducted using arcGIS10.5. Based on the analyzed results, the trends and spatial characteristics of the town hotels were derived in connection with the analysis of the current status of the towns and the current analysis of the town hotels. As a result of the analysis of 13 town hotels, the function linkage between town hotels and towns and the range of towns where town hotels recognize towns were found. As a result of analyzing the average distance of town resources, it was confirmed that they had a clustering of 300m or less, 300-600m, 600-1,000m, and 1,000m or more. It can be seen that this is related to the characteristics of the town hotel and the area where the town hotel is located. In addition, the town hall is largely classified into four types according to the function and arrangement of the buildings, and showed differences in the ranking and distance of functions associated with each type of town resource. This study is meaningful in that it analyzed town hotels from the aspect of urban architecture, and is expected to be used as basic data in the planning of town hotels. 최근 도심이나 마을이 쇠퇴하는 현상이 지속되고 있으며, 이로 인해 도시의 사회·경제·문화적 능력은 떨어지고 있어 쇠퇴한 도심이나 마을을 활성화 시키는 방안에 대한 관심은 꾸준히 증가하고 있으며 그 중 지역자원을 활용하는 방안이 꾸준히 주목받고 있다. 그러나 대부분 물리적 환경만을 조성한다는 점적인 단위의 활용에 그칠 뿐, 그것들의 연계나 마을 단위에 초점이 맞춰지지 못하는 한계점을 가진다. 최근 이러한 한계점을 넘어서고자, 지역 활성화의 새로운 대안으로 ‘마을호텔’이 나타나고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 마을호텔의 정의를 정의하고 마을호텔의 경향을 파악했으며 마을호텔이 위치한 지역적 배경과 현황, 마을호텔 자체의 현황과 마을호텔 자원의 현황을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 마을호텔과 마을간의 기능연계 및 거리분석을 통한 공간적 특성을 찾아보는 것으로 연구를 진행하였다. 먼저 선진사례와 선행연구를 바탕으로 마을호텔의 유사용어 정리와 마을호텔의 정의를 진행하였다. 다음으로 현장조사 및 인터뷰를 통하 자료를 구축하고 마을의 현황분석 및 마을호텔의 현황분석을 실시하였다. 세 번째로 마을호텔의 마을자원의 분석을 통해 기능분류 및 연계정도를 분류하고 arcGIS10.5를 활용하여 거리분석을 실시하였다. 분석된 결과를 바탕으로 앞서 진행한 마을 현황분석과 마을호텔 현황분석과 연계하여 마을호텔의 경향파악 및 공간적 특성을 도출하였다. 13개 마을호텔 사례분석 결과 마을호텔과 마을간의 기능연계와 마을호텔이 마을을 인식하는 마을의 범위를 알 수 있었다. 마을자원의 평균거리 분석결과 400m이하, 400~800m, 8000m이상 군집성을 가지는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이는 마을호텔과 마을호텔이 위치한 지역의 특성과 관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 마을호텥은 크게 건물의 기능과 배치에 따라 4개의 타입으로 분류되며 각 타입별 마을자원과 연계된 기능의 순위와 거리에서 차이를 보였다. 본 연구는 마을호텔을 도시건축적 측면에서 분석했다는 점에서 의의를 가지며 마을호텔의 계획에 있어 기초자료로 활용되는 것을 기대한다.

중산층을 위한 실버타운의 조성과 지방자치단체의 역할에 관한 연구 : 김제노인종합복지타운을 중심으로

송기영 연세대학교 행정대학원 2008 국내석사

After sugar town : landscape, memory and nostalgia in reshaping locality in Cuba

김지은 서울대학교 대학원 2012 국내석사

Abstract Kim Jieun Department of Anthropology Graduate School of Seoul National University 'Locality' is not merely a static geographical boundary, but more importantly a mutable composite of material structures and social features of a local community along with the shared feelings about the community held by its members. The locality of a community is influenced and shaped by numerous external factors (world political economy, national policy, globalization and etc.). By exploring both the external factors of locality and the inner views and interpretations of the people in a Cuban town, this study attempts to examine how a locality is socially and historically formed and transformed. In so doing, I closely attend to the perspective of the community members. The research was carried out in a former sugar mill town in Cuba, named Camilo Cienfuego (Hershey). Like many other sugar mill towns across Cuba, the town has been spatialized by major Cuban modern historical events since its foundation in 1916: the American intervention into the Cuban economy in the early 20th century; the Cuban Revolution in 1959; the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991; and finally, the resultant economy of shortage in the post-Soviet era. In the face of the national sugar agro-industry restructuring program in 2002, the nature of the town's locality was brought into question among its people. The cultural process of making claims on local identity is observed and described as follows. Firstly, the landscape from the pre-revolutionary era gives people material evidence to support their related memories regarding the landscape. By narrating their memories of the past in comparison to the present conditions of the town, they show a deep sense of attachment to the yester-years of the town. Secondly, selective naming of places is also notable among the townspeople. The townspeople use the old, Hershey era names of places rather than the new ones following the revolution, which requires prerequisite knowledge in the local history. Lastly, they see themselves as "family-oriented," "cultured," and "gossipy," which they themselves attribute to the original characteristics of the town in the pre-revolutionary era. These cultural practices are strongly associated with the pre-revolutionary period and become the main source from which to valorize their collectivity as a former sugar town. This active involvement in the past is related to: 1) a crisis in the communal economic structure in the current situation of the town and 2) the fact that the town's pre-revolutionary era characteristics represent the social desire of the people in the present time. The fact that the pre-revolutionary era represented "material abundance" and the "connection to the world" reflects the desire of the townspeople in their daily struggles to survive under the constant material shortage and sense of isolation ―regionally and internationally― from the outside world. [Key words: locality, local identity, nostalgia, mnemonic landscape, naming practices, production of local image, collective memories, economic transition, sugar town, post-Soviet Cuba, azucarero, batey, central] Student Number: 2009-22828