퇴행성 요추부 질환에 대한 치료에서 척추 고정술과 동반된 인접부 극돌기간 기구 삽입술의 유용성에 대한 예비 보고

최우진,장상근,김동천 대한척추신경외과학회 2009 Neurospine Vol.6 No.3

Objective: Posterior lumbar or lumbosacral spinal fusion in degenerative lumbar disease has the problems of adjacent level disease as well as surgical complications. An interspinous device used for dynamic stabilization can also be applied to the adjacent segment for spinal fusion to reduce the severity of these problems. The authors reviewed the adjacent interspinous stabilization using an interspinous spacer (CoflexTM paradigm spine, Germany) combined with posterior lumbar or lumbosacral spinal fusion in degenerative lumbar disease. Method: From January 2007 to July 2008, ten patients with degenerative lumbar disease underwent posterior lumbar or lumbosacral spinal fusion with adjacent interspinous stabilization using CoflexTM. The indications for this type were adjacent segmental disc protrusion, adjacent segmental degenerative changes or high surgical risk groups, such as elderly patients or osteoporotic patients undergoing multiple leveled fusions. CoflexTM was inserted into the adjacent segmental interspinous space. The control group consisted of fifteen patients, who underwent posterior lumbar or lumbosacral spinal fusion without interspinous stabilization. The radiological parameters and clinical outcomes were compared. All patients were followed-up for more than twelve months. Results: The visual analogue scale (VAS) in both groups postoperatively and at the twelve month follow-up were improved. In the CoflexTM group, the postoperative and twelve month follow-up X-ray showed no significant change in posterior disc height, interpedicular height, segmental lordotic angle, flextion-extension angulation and translation and no significant segmental instability. The control group showed a higher level of segmental lordotic angle, translation and a lower posterior disc height, interpedicular height, flextion-extension angulation and three patients showed adjacent segmental instability. Conclusion: CoflexTM can be used to stabilize the adjacent segment of spinal fusion in degenerative lumbar disease and might be effective in preventing adjacent segmental degeneration. However, further study will be needed to confirm this observation. Objective: Posterior lumbar or lumbosacral spinal fusion in degenerative lumbar disease has the problems of adjacent level disease as well as surgical complications. An interspinous device used for dynamic stabilization can also be applied to the adjacent segment for spinal fusion to reduce the severity of these problems. The authors reviewed the adjacent interspinous stabilization using an interspinous spacer (CoflexTM paradigm spine, Germany) combined with posterior lumbar or lumbosacral spinal fusion in degenerative lumbar disease. Method: From January 2007 to July 2008, ten patients with degenerative lumbar disease underwent posterior lumbar or lumbosacral spinal fusion with adjacent interspinous stabilization using CoflexTM. The indications for this type were adjacent segmental disc protrusion, adjacent segmental degenerative changes or high surgical risk groups, such as elderly patients or osteoporotic patients undergoing multiple leveled fusions. CoflexTM was inserted into the adjacent segmental interspinous space. The control group consisted of fifteen patients, who underwent posterior lumbar or lumbosacral spinal fusion without interspinous stabilization. The radiological parameters and clinical outcomes were compared. All patients were followed-up for more than twelve months. Results: The visual analogue scale (VAS) in both groups postoperatively and at the twelve month follow-up were improved. In the CoflexTM group, the postoperative and twelve month follow-up X-ray showed no significant change in posterior disc height, interpedicular height, segmental lordotic angle, flextion-extension angulation and translation and no significant segmental instability. The control group showed a higher level of segmental lordotic angle, translation and a lower posterior disc height, interpedicular height, flextion-extension angulation and three patients showed adjacent segmental instability. Conclusion: CoflexTM can be used to stabilize the adjacent segment of spinal fusion in degenerative lumbar disease and might be effective in preventing adjacent segmental degeneration. However, further study will be needed to confirm this observation.

Bisphosphonate’s and Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone’s Effect on Human Spinal Fusion: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Michael A. Stone,Andre M. Jakoi,Justin A. Iorio,Martin H. Pham,Neil N. Patel,Patrick C. Hsieh,John C. Liu,Frank L. Acosta,Raymond Hah,Jeffrey C. Wang 대한척추외과학회 2017 Asian Spine Journal Vol.11 No.3

There has been a conscious effort to address osteoporosis in the aging population. As bisphosphonate and intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) therapy become more widely prescribed to treat osteoporosis, it is important to understand their effects on other physiologic processes, particularly the impact on spinal fusion. Despite early animal model studies and more recent clinical studies, the impact of these medications on spinal fusion is not fully understood. Previous animal studies suggest that bisphosphonate therapy resulted in inhibition of fusion mass with impeded maturity and an unknown effect on biomechanical strength. Prior animal studies demonstrate an improved fusion rate and fusion mass microstructure with the use of intermittent PTH. The purpose of this study was to determine if bisphosphonates and intermittent PTH treatment have impact on human spinal fusion. A systematic review of the literature published between 1980 and 2015 was conducted using major electronic databases. Studies reporting outcomes of human subjects undergoing 1, 2, or 3-level spinal fusion while receiving bisphosphonates and/or intermittent PTH treatment were included. The results of relevant human studies were analyzed for consensus on the effects of these medications in regards to spinal fusion. There were nine human studies evaluating the impact of these medications on spinal fusion. Improved fusion rates were noted in patients receiving bisphosphonates compared to control groups, and greater fusion rates in patients receiving PTH compared to control groups. Prior studies involving animal models found an improved fusion rate and fusion mass microstructure with the use of intermittent PTH. No significant complications were demonstrated in any study included in the analysis. Bisphosphonate use in humans may not be a deterrent to spinal fusion. Intermittent parathyroid use has shown early promise to increase fusion mass in both animal and human studies but further studies are needed to support routine use.

퇴행성 요추 질환환자에서 척추유합술 후 발생한 인접분절의 퇴행성 변화에 대한 수술적 치료

김영수,구성욱,조용은,진병호,윤영설,진동규 대한신경외과학회 2002 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.32 No.4

정형외과 연구의 동물모델: 척추유합술모델

이재협(Jae Hyup Lee),남윤진(Yunjin Nam),이지호(Ji-Ho Lee) 대한정형외과학회 2017 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.52 No.4

The Effect of Zoledronic Acid on the Volume of the Fusion-Mass in Lumbar Spinal Fusion

박예수,김홍식,Seung-Wook Baek,Dong-Yi Kong,류정아 대한정형외과학회 2013 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.5 No.4

Background: Few studies have explored the effects of bisphosphonates on bony healing in patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery. Most previous studies used animal models and found that bisphosphonate shows negative effects on spinal fusion consolidation. We intended to evaluate the effect of a single-dose of zoledronic acid on the volume of the fusion-mass in lumbar spinal fusion. Methods: A retrospective review was carried out on 44 patients with symptomatic degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis who underwent one or two-level posterolateral fusion from January 2008 and January 2011. They were divided into 4 groups: group 1, autograft and zoledronic acid; group 2, allograft and zoledronic acid; group 3, autograft alone; and group 4, allograft alone. Functional radiography and three-dimensional computed tomography scans were used to evaluate and quantify the volume of the fusion-mass. The visual analog scale (VAS), the Oswestry disability index (ODI), and the short form 36 (SF-36) were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes. Results: The mean volume of the fusion-mass per level was 8,814 mm3, 8,035 mm3, 8,383 mm3, and 7,550 mm3 in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, but there were no significant differences between the groups (p = 0.829). There were no significant decreases in the volume of the fusion-mass (p = 0.533) in the zoledronic acid groups (groups 1 and 2). The VAS, the ODI, and the SF-36 at the 6-month follow-up after surgery were not significantly different (p > 0.05) among the 4 groups. The VAS, the ODI, and the SF-36 were not correlated with the volume of the fusion-mass (p = 0.120, 0.609, 0.642). Conclusions: A single dose of zoledronic acid does not decrease the volume of the fusion-mass in patients undergoing spinal fusion with osteoporosis. Therefore, we recommend that zoledronic acid may be used after spinal fusion in osteoporotic patients.

요추부 퇴행성 질환의 유합술 후 발생한 근위 인접 분절 질환- 한 분절 위와 두 분절 위에 발생한 경우의 비교 -

최성우,안중현,이재철,구형모,신병준 대한척추외과학회 2013 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Study Design: Retrospective study. Objective: To compare patients who underwent spinal revision surgery of adjacent segment degeneration with above one and above two vertebral segment preceded by initial spinal fusion surgery. Summary of Literature Review: The adjacent segment disease(ASD) occurs more frequently at the more proximal segment of the spinal fusion. Also, the preexisting degenerative segments (with discs or facet joints) not included in the fusion procedure, fusion segmental sagittal angle, fixed appliances method, gender, and age, have been accepted as the causes. Materials and Methods: The patients were watched over a year after the spinal revision operation followed by initial spinal fusion of single or multiple segments; the subjects were limited to 41 patients. The average age, entity of diseases, average duration between the initial spinal fusion and the revision surgery, multiple clinical and radiographic parameters were evaluated and compared. Results: Using the UCLA grade of intervertebral disc degeneration, the average grade of 1 level upper segment was 2.2 in group A and 1.9in group B without statistical significance(p=0.426). However, the average grade of 2-level upper segment was 1.8 in group A and 2.4 in group B with significant difference(p=0.021). There was no statistical difference in other factors between the two groups. Conclusions: Patients with ASD of above two-vertebral segment after spinal fusion were more severe in disc degeneration than those with ASD of above one vertebral segment before initial spinal fusions. 연구 계획: 후향적 연구. 목적: 요추부 퇴행성 질환으로 시행한 요추 유합술 후 인접 분절 질환으로 인해 재수술을 시행했던 경우의 환자들을 대상으로 인접 분절 질환이 한 분절위와 두 분절 위에서 발생한 경우를 비교 하였다. 선행 문헌의 요약: 인접 분절 질환은 유합부의 근위일수록 잘 발생하고, 유합에 포함되지 않았던 분절에 존재하던 추간판 또는 후관절의 퇴행, 유합술후 요추 전만각과 유합 분절의 시상각, 기구 고정의 방법, 그리고 성별과 나이 등의 다양한 원인이 제기되고 있다. 대상 및 방법: 퇴행성 요추부 질환으로 한 분절 또는 두 분절에 유합술을 시행 받은 환자 중 인접 분절 질환이 발생하여 재수술을 시행한 41명을 대상으로, 한 분절 위에서 발생한 경우를 A군, 두 분절 위에서 발생한 경우를 B군으로 분류하였다. 각 군에 대하여 나이, 성별, 진단명, 내과적 동반 질환 등의기초 정보와 통증 지수, 방사선적 요소들을 측정하였고, 방사선적 요소들로는 요추부전만각, 유합부 시상각, 한 분절/두 분절 위의 추간판 퇴행, 후관절퇴행 등을 측정하여 비교하였다. 결과: 나이, 성별, 진단명, 요추부 전만각, 유합부 시상각, 유합 방법, 유합 분절, 후관절 퇴행 등은 두 군간에 통계적 유의성이 없었다.한 분절 위의 추간판의 퇴행은 A군 2.2, B군 1.9로 통계적 유의성은 없었으나(p=0.426), 두 분절 위의 추간판 퇴행은 A군 1.8, B군 2.4로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p=0.021). 결론: 요추부 유합술시 상위 인접 분절의 퇴행성 질환은 두 분절 위에서 발생한 경우 수술 전 이미 추간판 퇴행이 더 심하였던 경우가 많았다. 이는 인접분절 질환의 여러 요인 중에 기존의 퇴행이 가장 많은 영향을 주는 것으로 생각된다.

Activin A/BMP2 Chimera (AB204) Exhibits Better Spinal Bone Fusion Properties than rhBMP2

Ryu, Dalsung,Yoon, Byung-Hak,Oh, Chang-Hyun,Kim, Moon-Hang,Kim, Ji-Yong,Yoon, Seung Hwan,Choe, Senyon The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2018 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.61 No.6

Objective : To compare the spinal bone fusion properties of activin A/BMP2 chimera (AB204) with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP2) using a rat posterolateral spinal fusion model. Methods : The study was designed to compare the effects and property at different dosages of AB204 and rhBMP2 on spinal bone fusion. Sixty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion using one of nine treatments during the study, that is, sham; osteon only; $3.0{\mu}g$, $6.0{\mu}g$, or $10.0{\mu}g$ of rhBMP2 with osteon; and $1.0{\mu}g$, $3.0{\mu}g$, $6.0{\mu}g$, or $10.0{\mu}g$ of AB204 with osteon. The effects and property on spinal bone fusion was calculated at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment using the scores of physical palpation, simple radiograph, micro-computed tomography, and immunohistochemistry. Results : Bone fusion scores were significantly higher for $10.0{\mu}g$ AB204 and $10.0{\mu}g$ rhBMP2 than for osteon only or $1.0{\mu}g$ AB204. AB204 exhibited more prolonged osteoblastic activity than rhBMP2. Bone fusion properties of AB204 were similar with the properties of rhBMP2 at doses of 6.0 and $10.0{\mu}g$, but, the properties of AB204 at doses of $3.0{\mu}g$ exhibited better than the properties of rhBMP2 at doses of $3.0{\mu}g$. Conclusion : AB204 chimeras could to be more potent for treating spinal bone fusion than rhBMP2 substitutes with increased osteoblastic activity for over a longer period.

Fusion Rates of Instrumented Lumbar Spinal Arthrodesis according to Surgical Approach: A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials

Choon Sung Lee,Chang Ju Hwang,Dong-Ho Lee,Yung-Tae Kim,Hee Sang Lee 대한정형외과학회 2011 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.3 No.1

Background: Lumbar spine fusion rates can vary according to the surgical technique. Although many studies on spinal fusionhave been conducted and reported, the heterogeneity of the study designs and data handling make it diffi cult to identify whichapproach yields the highest fusion rate. This paper reviews studies that compared the lumbosacral fusion rates achieved with differentsurgical techniques. Methods: Relevant randomized trials comparing the fusion rates of different surgical approaches for instrumented lumbosacralspinal fusion surgery were identifi ed through highly sensitive and targeted keyword search strategies. A methodological qualityassessment was performed according to the checklist suggested by the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group. Qualitativeanalysis was performed. Results: A literature search identifi ed six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the fusion rates of different surgical approaches. One trial compared anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) plus adjunctive posterior transpedicular instrumentation withcircumferential fusion and posterolateral fusion (PLF) with posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). Three studies compared PLFwith circumferential fusion. One study compared three fusion approaches: PLF, PLIF and circumferential fusion. Conclusions: One low quality RCT reported no difference in fusion rate between ALIF with posterior transpedicular instrumentationand circumferential fusion, and PLIF and circumferential fusion. There is moderate evidence suggesting no difference in fusionrate between PLF and PLIF. The evidence on the fusion rate of circumferential fusion compared to PLF from qualitative analysiswas confl icting. However, no general conclusion could be made due to the scarcity of data, heterogeneity of the trials included,and some methodological defects of the six studies reviewed.

Fixed and Variable Relationship Models to Define the Volume-Value Relationship in Spinal Fusion Surgery: A Macroeconomic Analysis Using Evidence-Based Thresholds

Sergio M. Navarro,William Case Frankel,Heather S. Haeberle,Prem N. Ramkumar 대한척추신경외과학회 2018 Neurospine Vol.15 No.3

Objective: Increased surgical volume has been associated with improved patient outcomes at the surgeon and hospital level. To date, clinically meaningful stratified volume benchmarks have yet to be defined for surgeons or hospitals in the context of spinal fusion surgery. The objective of this study was to establish evidence-based thresholds using outcomes and cost to stratify surgeons and hospitals performing spinal fusion surgery by volume. Methods: Using 155,788 patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery, we created and applied 4 models using stratum-specific likelihood ratio (SSLR) analysis of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. This statistical approach was used to generate 4 sets of volume thresholds predictive of increased length of stay (LOS) and increased cost for surgeons and hospitals. Results: SSLR analysis of the 2 ROC curves by annual surgical volume produced 3 or 4 distinct volume categories. Analysis of LOS by annual surgeon spinal fusion volume produced 4 strata: low, medium, high, and very high. Analysis of LOS by annual hospital spinal fusion volume produced 3 strata: low, medium, and high. No relationship between volume and cost could be clearly defined based on the generation of ROC curves for surgeons or hospitals offering spinal fusion. Conclusion: This study used evidence-based thresholds to identify a direct, variable relationship model between volume and outcomes of spinal fusion surgery, using LOS as a surrogate, for both surgeons and hospitals. A fixed relationship model was identified between surgeon and hospital volume and cost, as no statistically meaningful relationship could be established.

Fusion Length Requiring Spinopelvic Fixation in Lumbosacral Fusion with Anterior Column Support at L5–S1: Assessment of Fusion Status Using Computed Tomography

Sung Cheol Park,Sangjun Park,Do-Hyung Lee,Jinew Seo,Jae Hyuk Yang,Min-Seok Kang,Yunjin Nam,Seung Woo Suh 대한정형외과학회 2024 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.16 No.1

Background: The lumbosacral (LS) junction has a higher nonunion rate than other lumbar segments, especially in long-level fusion. Nonunion at L5–S1 would result in low back pain, spinal imbalance, and poor surgical outcomes. Although anterior column support at L5–S1 has been recommended to prevent nonunion in long-level LS fusion, fusion length requiring additional spinopelvic fixation (SPF) in LS fusion with anterior column support at L5–S1 has not been evaluated thoroughly. This study aimed to determine the number of fused levels requiring SPF in LS fusion with anterior column support at L5–S1 by assessing the interbody fusion status using computed tomography (CT) depending on the fusion length. Methods: Patients who underwent instrumented LS fusion with L5–S1 interbody fusion without additional augmentation and CT > 1 year postoperatively were included. The fusion rates were assessed based on the number of fused segments. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the L5–S1 interbody fusion status: those with union vs. those with nonunion. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for LS junctional nonunion. Results: Fusion rates of L5–S1 interbody fusion were 94.9%, 90.3%, 80.0%, 50.0%, 52.6%, and 43.5% for fusion of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and ≥ 6 levels, respectively. The number of spinal levels fused ≥ 4 (p < 0.001), low preoperative bone mineral density (BMD; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.667; p = 0.035), and postoperative pelvic incidence (PI) – lumbar lordosis (LL) mismatch (aOR, 1.034; p = 0.040) were identified as significant risk factors for nonunion of L5–S1 interbody fusion according to the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: Exhibiting ≥ 4 fused spinal levels, low preoperative BMD, and large postoperative PI–LL mismatch were identified as independent risk factors for nonunion of anterior column support at L5–S1 in LS fusion without additional fixation. Therefore, SPF should be considered in LS fusion extending to or above L2 to prevent LS junctional nonunion.