Do Regional Industrial Policies Improve Firm Performance? Evidence From Korea : 지역산업육성정책이 수혜기업의 기업성과에 미치는 영향 : 혁신인자를 중심으로

Lee, Kyung Jin 연세대학교 일반대학원 2016 국내박사

ABSTRACT Do Regional Industrial Policies Improve Firm Performance? Evidence From Korea Kyung-Jin Lee Dept. of Urban Planing and Engineering The Graduate School Yonsei University This study has clarified the factors as to how regional industry policy supporting business determined the performance of beneficiary company after understanding the core objective and overall structure of regional industry policy and deriving appropriate performance policy indices in the use of program logic model and also sought for measures for how regional industry policy created a higher level of performance of policy. In order to achieve aforementioned objectives, this study has analyzed changes in indices before and after supporting the policies, verified the difference from characteristics and types of policies, and proceeded practical analysis including correlation and influence factor analysis on 295 companies that were supported by project supporting industry led by economic regions and project supporting regional strategic industry in the first phase from 2009 to 2012 by the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy as a part of regional industry policy. In the descriptive statistic analysis, the number of people working in the field of R&D as an innovative resource has been increased by 5.67 (36.6%) compared to before they applied. The investment amount in R&D was increased by 8.6 hundred million Won (68.5%) in average. Both innovation competence and innovation environment were turned out to be increased compared to before they applied, and the sales of company growth as a performance of policy were increased by 26.18 billion Won (66.0%) in average, and employment was increased by 30 people in average (29.2%). There were 10.22 cases of company innovation in average. In the verification of difference, company growth (sales and employment) and company innovation (development of new products) as a performance of policy was turned out to be increased in terms of sales and employment as the size of companies was larger. As for correlation, company growth (sales and employment) as a performance policy and company innovation were turned out to be positively correlated with an increase of investment in R&D and an increase of human resource in R&D. In the influence factor analysis, there was a significantly positive influence from an increase of investment in R&D, an increase of human resource in R&D, innovation environment, innovation competence, dummy of small and medium companies, and period of business as factors that influenced on the sales growth of beneficiary companies. As for factors that influenced on an increase in employment, there was a significantly positive influence from an increase of investment in R&D, an increase of human resource in R&D, innovation environment, dummy of small and medium companies, and growth stage. As for influence factors that influenced on company innovation, there was a significantly positive influence from an increase of human resource in R&D and dummy of small and medium companies. As for implications, the more investment in R&D or human resource in R&D was increased, the more sales, employment, and company innovation were also turned out to be increased. Therefore, it is required to establish a policy for increasing innovation environment such as reduction of financial charge or innovation motivation as well as innovation competence including possession of facilities, problem-solving ability, and assignment management capability in order for regional industry policy to improve sales growth, employment effect, and company innovation. ABSTRACT IN KOREA 지역산업육성정책이 수혜기업의 기업성과에 미치는 영향 - 혁신인자를 중심으로 - 본 연구는 지역산업육성정책의 핵심적 목표와 전반적인 구조를 이해하고 프로그램 논리모형을 활용하여 적절한 정책성과 지표를 도출한 다음, 지역산업육성정책 지원사업이 수혜기업의 성과를 결정하는 요인을 규명하여 지역산업육성정책이 보다 높은 정책성과를 창출하기 위한 방안을 모색하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 지역산업육성정책의 일환으로 2009년부터 2012년까지 제1단계 광역경제권선도산업육성사업과 지역전략산업육성사업의 지원을 수혜한 295개 기업을 대상으로 정책 지원 전후의 지표들의 변화 분석과 특성 및 정책 유형에 따른 차이 검증, 상관관계 및 영향 요인 분석 등의 실증 분석을 수행하였다. 광역경제권선도산업육성사업은 지역간 연계 및 협력을 통해 지역 경쟁력을 효율적으로 향상시키는 것을 목적으로 수도권을 제외한 충청권, 호남권, 대경권, 동남권, 강원권, 제주권 대상으로 5+2 광역경제권으로 나누어 각 광역경제권의 선도산업을 육성하는 정책지원 사업이다. 반면 지역전략산업육성사업은 지역산업 발전기반 및 지역경제 활성화를 도모하기 위하여 지역별 전략산업을 선정하고, 전략산업에 대한 기반시설 및 기술개발, 인력양성, 사업화 서비스를 지원하는 사업이다. 이들 지역산업지원사업의 수혜 기업을 대상으로 실증 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 기술통계 분석에서는 혁신자원인 R&D 종사자 수는 지원 전에 비해 평균 5.67명(36.6%)이 증가하였고 R&D 투자액도 평균 8.6억원(68.5%)이 증가하였다. 혁신역량과 혁신환경도 지원 전에 비해 향상된 것으로 나타났으며, 정책성과인 기업성장의 매출은 평균 261.8억원(66.0%), 고용은 평균 30명(29.2%)이 증가하였다. 기업혁신 건수 또한 평균 10.22건으로 나타났다. 정책성과인 기업성장(매출, 고용)과 기업혁신(신제품개발 등)은 기업 규모가 클수록 매출, 고용, 기업혁신이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 정책성과인 기업성장(매출, 고용)과 기업혁신이 R&D투자증가와 R&D인력증가와 정(+)의 상관관계를 가지고 있었다. 수혜 기업의 매출성장에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 R&D투자증가, R&D인력증가, 혁신환경, 혁신역량, 중소기업더미, 업력이 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 고용증가에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 R&D투자증가, R&D인력증가, 혁신환경, 중소기업더미, 성장단계가 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 기업혁신에 미치는 영향 요인으로 R&D인력증가, 중소기업더미가 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 수혜 기업 중 광역경제권선도산업육성사업과 지역전략산업육성사업과의 비교에서는 대부분 광역경제권선도산업육성사업이 지역전략산업육성사업보다 효과와 성과가 더 증가 했거나 향상된 것으로 나타났으며, 지역전략산업육성사업은 혁신역량 중 문제해결능력과 자금부담경감, 혁신분위기, 혁신동기부여 등 혁신환경에서만 광역경제권선도산업육성사업 보다 더 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 시사점은 다음과 같다. R&D 투자나 R&D 인력의 지원이 증가할수록 매출과 고용, 기업혁신이 증가하고 있는 것으로 나타났기 때문에, 지역산업육성정책이 보다 큰 매출 성장과 고용 효과, 기업혁신을 높이기 위해서는 자금부담 경감, 혁신 분위기, 혁신 동기부여 등 혁신환경과 설비 보유정도, 문제해결 능력, 과제관리 능력 등 혁신역량이 증대되도록 정책을 기획하는 것이 필요하다. 또한 중소기업과 창업이나 성장단계에 있는 기업들의 성과가 큰 것으로 나타났기 때문에, 중소기업에 대한 지원을 강화함으로써 지역내 혁신 활동을 촉진할 필요가 있다. 또한 시․도별 단위와 경제권별 단위에서 지원사업의 성과가 차이가 있는 만큼 정책 지원사업의 특성에 따른 영향의 차이를 감안한 정책 수립이 요구된다.

지역농식품 산업클러스터정책의 평가에 관한 연구 : 전라북도를 중심으로

이창수 전북대학교 일반대학원 2021 국내석사

The theoretical considerations of this study were aimed at clusters and industrial cluster policies. However, the empirical analysis limited the research scope to the agro-food cluster policy. Among them, the agricultural food cluster of Jeollabuk-do was selected as the main analysis target. In the agro-food industry, there is only one national food cluster in the strict sense of the industrial cluster. Moreover, the agro-food cluster consists of clustering (aggregation) through the concentration of competence and knowledge (research and development) of local economic actors who remain at the level of microprocessing technology for specialized agricultural raw materials in the local agricultural zone and in the region. It is inherently different from an industrial cluster in which companies of the same kind and related industries are geographically concentrated. In this regard, the agro-food cluster is to establish a regional industrial innovation system (a kind of RIS: Regional Innovation System) centered on the production area (broadly, the agricultural raw material production area). The legal basis for the policy is also the 「Special Act on Balanced National Development」, which focuses on the region and leads balanced development. Therefore, in this study, agro-food cluster and agro-food cluster policy are used as synonyms, and collectively, they are conceptualized as regional agri-food clusters. It is judged that the following strategies are necessary for the regional agri-food cluster to perform the function and role of revitalizing the local industry. First, policies to strengthen the organization and network of regional agri-food clusters are needed. Second, it is necessary to discover policies that reflect the uniqueness of the region. This study examines agro-food clusters that are diversely distributed regionally and evaluates each cluster policy based on the industrial cluster theory. In order to evaluate and measure the performance of policies, it is necessary to develop indicators, but this study prioritized understanding the current status of regional agro-food industry clusters. In future research, it is necessary to develop and measure specific indicators to evaluate regional agri-food cluster policies.

탄소융복합 기반 지역특화산업분야 기업지원 분석 및 정책방안

김세진 전북대학교 대학원 2025 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to derive more effective policy measures by deriving improvements and implications for corporate support for the expansion of the carbon fusion industry through an analysis of the current status of the support field of the carbon fusion-based regional specialized industry promotion project (non-R&D).By describing the definition and status of the carbon fusion industry and examining the concept and characteristics of the regional specialized industry promotion project (non-R&D), we conducted an analysis on the current status of the carbon fusion-based regional specialized industry promotion project (non-R&D) that has been implemented so far. In addition, the problems and implications of the support policy so far have been revealed, and accordingly, differentiated policy support measures have been derived to suit the characteristics of the industry. First, a differentiated support strategy tailored to the type of company is needed to discover competitive carbon fusion technologies and advance into new industries that respond to market demand. Second, companies can receive support through multiple applications through various ideas that fit industrial trends, but it is necessary to understand the reasons. Third, we proposed improvements that require selection and intensive support by planning by item designation for future core areas of the carbon fusion industry. Such corporate support analysis and policy measures can contribute to the development of the carbon fusion industry and the creation of synergy.

수도권 집중과 산업격차의 구조적 형성 요인 분석 : 용인·평택과 구미 반도체 산업 사례를 중심으로

허필윤 고려대학교 대학원 2026 국내박사

This study examines the mechanisms through which industrial disparities between the capital region and non-capital regions in South Korea are structurally formed and intensified. Despite continuous institutional efforts toward balanced development since the enactment of the Seoul Metropolitan Area Readjustment Planning Act in 1982, spatial concentration in the capital region has further deepened. This outcome is not simply the result of market forces but a structural phenomenon shaped by the interaction of institutions, policy discourse, and policy measures. In particular, while the overwhelming majority of semiconductor exports originate from the capital region, non-capital regions such as Gumi have been continuously marginalized amid industrial restructuring. Previous research has primarily focused on the legal legitimacy and economic effects of capital region regulations, without fully clarifying the mechanisms through which regulatory effectiveness has been gradually undermined and capital region concentration has been increasingly reproduced. To address this gap, this study adopts a political economy perspective that integrates institutions, policy discourses, and policy linkages. Methodologically, this study conducts a comparative case analysis of the semiconductor industries in Yongin and Pyeongtaek (capital region) and Gumi (a non-capital region). It analyzes policy documents, statistical data, meeting minutes, and media reports, along with in-depth interviews with 16 key stakeholders, including bureaucrats, public officials, politicians, and industry experts. The analysis identifies three mutually reinforcing mechanisms that structurally reproduce capital region concentration. Institutionally, while the Seoul Metropolitan Area Readjustment Planning Act has formally remained in place, the expansion of enforcement-level exceptions and special legislation has gradually eroded its regulatory effectiveness; the Capital Region Readjustment Committee has also shifted into a primarily policy-ratifying body. Discursively, the rhetoric of national competitiveness—promoted by alliances among corporations, politicians, and bureaucrats—has operated as a strong hegemony. From a policy perspective, the relaxation of industrial-site regulations combined with housing stabilization policies has intensified land-price disparities, generating a virtuous cycle of investment in Yongin and Pyeongtaek but a vicious cycle of decline in Gumi. This study makes three theoretical contributions. First, it extends the theory of cumulative causation to institutional and political dimensions by demonstrating that capital region concentration is reinforced through the interaction of institutions, policy discourse, and policy measures, even under balanced-development regulations. Second, it elucidates the specific mechanisms of gradual institutional change. The process by which the Seoul Metropolitan Area Readjustment Planning Act retained its formal legal status while losing its substantive effectiveness through exceptions and special legislation demonstrates that institutions can be changed by discourse and actors even without formal legal revision. Third, it shows that new regionalism in Korea has been combined with the discourse of national competitiveness, which has weakened the commitment to balanced development and has functioned as a hegemony that justifies capital region concentration. 본 연구는 수도권-비수도권 간 산업 격차가 구조적으로 형성되고 심화되는 메커니즘을 규명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 1982년 「수도권정비계획법」 제정 이후, 균형발전을 지향하는 제도적 노력이 지속되었음에도 수도권 집중은 오히려 심화되었다. 이는 단순한 시장의 자연적 결과가 아니라 제도·담론·정책이 상호작용하며 형성한 구조적 현상이다. 특히 반도체 산업의 경우 수출의 절대 다수가 수도권에서 발생하는 반면, 구미를 비롯한 비수도권 지역은 산업 재편 과정에서 지속적으로 주변화되고 있다. 기존 연구는 수도권 규제를 둘러싼 법적 정당성과 경제적 효과 논쟁에 집중해 왔으나, 규제의 실효성이 어떻게 상실되었는지, 그리고 수도권 집중이 어떤 메커니즘을 통해 재생산되는지에 대한 분석은 미흡하였다. 본 연구는 제도·담론·정책 간 연계를 아우르는 정치경제적 절충 관점을 채택한다. 방법론적으로 본 연구는 용인·평택과 구미의 반도체 산업을 비교 사례로 설정하였다. 또한 정책 문서, 통계자료, 회의록, 언론 보도 분석에 더해, 공무원·정치인·전문가 등 16명의 주요 이해관계자에 대한 심층 인터뷰를 병행하였다. 분석 결과, 세 가지 메커니즘은 상호 강화되며 수도권 집중을 구조화하였다. 제도는 형식적으로 유지됐지만, 시행령과 특례 규정 확대로 실질적 규제력을 상실하였다. 용인은 다층적 특례로 규제를 우회했고, 평택은 특례법을 통해 법 적용 자체에서 제외되었다. 수도권정비위원회 또한 심의 기능을 잃고 정책 추인 기구로 전락하였다. 담론적으로는 국가경쟁력 담론이 기업, 정치인, 관료 연합을 통해 강력한 헤게모니로 작동하였다. 경제단체와 수도권 정치세력이 규제 완화를 주도했으며, 수도권 인구 증가와 유권자 확대가 이를 자기강화적으로 뒷받침하였다. 정책적으로는 산업입지 규제 완화와 주택안정 정책이 결합되어 지대 격차를 심화시켰다. 용인과 평택은 클러스터 조성 발표 이후 지가 상승과 투자 유인의 선순환이 형성된 반면, 구미는 투자 유치에 실패하며 악순환을 겪었다. 본 연구는 다음과 같은 이론적 기여를 제공한다. 첫째, 누적적 인과관계 이론을 제도적·정치적 차원으로 확장하였다. 기존 이론은 지역 간 격차가 누적적으로 확대됨을 설명하지만, 규제와 정책에도 불구하고 격차가 심화되는 현실을 충분히 해명하지 못했다. 본 연구는 수도권 집중이 제도·담론·정책의 상호작용을 통해 누적적으로 심화됨을 규명하여, 격차의 심화를 특정 제도와 정치적 맥락을 통해 구체화하였다. 둘째, 점진적 제도 전환의 구체적 메커니즘을 확인하였다. 수도권정비계획법이 법률의 형태를 유지하면서도 예외조항과 특별법을 통해 실효성을 상실한 과정은 제도가 법률 개정 없이도 담론과 행위자에 의해 전환될 수 있음을 보여준다. 셋째, 기존의 신지역주의 이론이 한국에서는 '국가경쟁력' 담론과 결합하며 균형발전 취지를 약화시키고 수도권 집중을 정당화하는 헤게모니로 작동한 과정을 규명하였다.

대학 기술이전 성과에 미치는 연구 및 산학협력 영향요인 분석: 지역과 기술이전 촉진 지원사업 중심으로

홍유진 충북대학교 일반대학원 2025 국내석사

최근 지역 경쟁력 강화 및 대학 산학협력 촉진에 대한 정부의 관심이 급증하고 있으며, 산업 동향의 변화에 대응하기 위해 대학 기술혁신에 대한 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 대학 기술이전 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 선행연구를 살펴보면 대학의 연구역량, 조직 역량, 정부 및 민간 재정지원을 중심으로 분석하고자 하는 다양한 시도가 있었다. 하지만, 대학의 지역 경쟁력 강화를 위한 영향 요인 분석과 기술이전 촉진 지원사업의 조절 효과에 대한 분석은 다소 미비하였다. 본 연구에서는 기술이전 성과가 있는 대학교 중 이상치와 극단치를 제거한 131개교를 중심으로 대학의 연구·산학협력 역량이 기술이전 성과에 미치는 영향을 확인하고 대학 소재지에 따른 지역적 요인이 주요 변수들에 미치는 영향력 변화를 도출하였다. 또한, 기술이전 촉진 지원사업이 미치는 조절적 효과를 검증하였다. 분석 결과, 기술이전 성과 지표 전반에 걸쳐 대학의 연구 및 산학협력 역량은 유의한 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 대학의 소재지를 통제하였을 때 대학의 연구역량은 지역적 요인에큰영향을받지않았으며, 산학협력역량역시산업체경력전임교원을제외한산학협력단 규모, 기술지주회사 보유는 큰 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났고, 기술이전 성과 대부분에 지역적 요인이 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 하지만 산업체 경력 전임교원 수가 대학 소재지의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타나 산업체 경력 전임교원 변수에 분포한 지역적 환경이 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 해석된다. 기술이전 촉진 지원사업의 조절 효과 분석 또한 대학의 연구 및 산학협력역량 전반에 걸쳐 강한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 BRIDGE 사업이 대학의 내재적 역량과 결합하여 기술이전 성과 창출에 큰 역할을 하고, 정부의 기술이전촉진정책이대학기술이전성과창출에기여하는바가큰 것으로분석된다. 본 연구를 통해 대학의 연구·산학협력 역량과 기술이전 촉진 지원사업 수행이 기술이전 성과에 미치는 영향을 확인하여 정부 R&BD 지원과 R&D 간 장기적인 연계 및 지원체계의 유효성을 강조하고자 하며, 대학 소재지가 미치는 영향력 분석을 통해 지역이 미치는 영향 관계를 파악하여 지역적 요소를 고려한 지원 전략 수립의 중요성을 시사하고자 한다. 또한, 기술이전 촉진 지원사업이 미치는 조절적 영향을 분 석함으로써, 정책-대학 간 상호작용 연구에 대한 이론적 확장에 의의를 두고자 한다. 키워드: 기술이전, 대학 산학협력, 지역 경쟁력, 정부 R&BD 정책 Recently, government interest in strengthening regional competitiveness and promoting university–industry collaboration has rapidly increased, and the importance of technological innovation in universities has been emphasized in response to changes in industrial trends. A review of prior studies on the factors affecting university technology transfer performance reveals that various attempts have been made to analyze such performance with a focus on research capacity, organizational capacity, and public and private financial support. However, there has been a lack of analysis on the factors that enhance universities' regional competitiveness and the moderating effects of technology transfer promotion programs. This study focuses on 131 universities with actual technology transfer performance, excluding outliers and extreme values, to examine the impact of universities’ research and university–industry collaboration capacities on technology transfer performance. Additionally, the study identifies how regional factors, based on university location, * A thesis for the degree of Master in August 2025. influence changes in the effects of major variables. It also verifies the moderating effects of government-supported technology transfer promotion programs. The analysis results show that research and collaboration capacities of universities have significantly positive effects across various technology transfer performance indicators. When controlling for university location, research capacity was not significantly influenced by regional factors. Similarly, most indicators of university–industry collaboration capacity —such as the size of the industry–academic cooperation office and the presence of a technology holding company—were not significantly affected by regional characteristics, except for the number of full-time faculty members with industry experience. This finding confirms that most technology transfer outcomes are directly influenced by regional factors, and that the number of industry-experienced faculty members is notably affected by the local environment in which the university is located. The analysis of the moderating effects of technology transfer promotion programs also confirmed a strong impact across research and collaboration capacities. This indicates that the BRIDGE program plays a significant role in generating technology transfer performance by combining with universities’ intrinsic capabilities, and that government policies to promote technology transfer make a substantial contribution to the creation of such outcomes. This study seeks to emphasize the validity of long-term linkages and support systems between government R&BD initiatives and university R&D by confirming the effects of universities’ research and collaboration capacities, as well as the implementation of technology transfer promotion programs, on technology transfer performance. In addition, by analyzing the influence of university location, the study aims to identify the relational impact of regional characteristics and highlight the importance of establishing support strategies that consider such regional factors. Finally, by analyzing the moderating effects of technology transfer promotion programs, the study aims to contribute to the theoretical expansion of research on the interaction between policy and universities. Keyword: Technology Transfer, University–Industry Collaboration, Regional Competitiveness, Government R&BD Policy

지식집약사업서비스업의 공간 집적과 지역경제성장 : 중국 사례를 중심으로

장일범 중앙대학교 대학원 2025 국내석사

본 연구는 중국 동부, 중부, 서부 지역을 대상으로 지식집약사업서비스업(Knowledge-Intensive Business Services, KIBS)의 집적 수준과 경제 성장 간의 관계를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 2021년과 2022년 중국 132개 지역의 데이터를 활용하여, 서구 선행연구에 따라 KIBS 집적에 영향을 미치는 수요요인, 공급요인, 정주환경요인을 패널회귀모형을 통해 검증하였다. 또한, KIBS 집적이 지역 경제 성장(1인당 GRDP)에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, KIBS 집적은 경제 성장과 유의미한 음(-)의 상관관계를 보였으며, 이는 과도한 집적이 자원 경쟁, 비용 상승, 효율성 저하 등의 부정적 외부효과를 초래하여 경제 성장을 저해할 수 있음을 나타낸다. 또한, 시장 접근성과 정주 환경은 KIBS 집적에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 디지털화와 네트워크화의 발전으로 전통적인 지리적 요인의 중요성이 약화되고 있음을 반영한다. 서부 지역에서는 정책 지원을 통한 인프라 개선과 고숙련 인재 유치 정책이 KIBS 집적에 긍정적으로 작용했으나, 과도한 집적으로 인해 경제 성장에 부정적 영향을 미쳤다. 동부 지역은 성숙한 경제 환경과 높은 시장 역동성을 바탕으로 일부 변수가 경제 성장에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤으나, KIBS 집적의 한계효용이 감소하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 중부 지역에서는 KIBS 집적이 경제 성장에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 이는 전통적인 경제 및 사회적 요인보다는 정책 의존성이 더 큰 역할을 하고 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 지역별 특성과 정책적 배경을 반영하여 KIBS 집적과 경제 성장 간의 관계를 체계적으로 분석하였으며, 이를 통해 산업 구조 최적화, 고숙련 인재 유치, 디지털 경제와 전통 산업 간 융합 촉진 등 정책적 방향성을 제시한다. 본 연구의 결과는 중국 지역 간 균형 발전과 KIBS 산업의 지속 가능한 성장 전략 수립에 기초 자료를 제공할 것이다. This study empirically analyzes the relationship between the agglomeration of Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBS) and economic growth in the eastern, central, and western regions of China. Using data from 132 regions in China for 2021 and 2022, the study examines demand factors, supply factors, and settlement environment factors influencing KIBS agglomeration through Fixed-Effects and Random-Effects Models, based on prior Western studies. Additionally, it quantitatively analyzes the impact of KIBS agglomeration on regional economic growth, measured as per capita GRDP. The results indicate a significant negative (-) correlation between KIBS agglomeration and economic growth, suggesting that excessive agglomeration can lead to negative externalities such as resource competition, cost increases, and reduced efficiency, ultimately hindering economic growth. Furthermore, market accessibility and settlement environment factors do not significantly affect KIBS agglomeration, reflecting the diminishing importance of traditional geographic factors due to advancements in digitalization and networking. In the western region, policy-driven infrastructure development and talent attraction positively contributed to KIBS agglomeration; however, excessive agglomeration subsequently had a negative impact on economic growth. The eastern region, with its mature economic environment and high market dynamism, showed some variables positively influencing economic growth, but the marginal utility of KIBS agglomeration was found to be decreasing. In the central region, KIBS agglomeration did not directly affect economic growth, indicating that policy dependency plays a more significant role than traditional economic and social factors. This study systematically analyzes the relationship between KIBS agglomeration and economic growth, reflecting regional characteristics and policy contexts. It provides policy directions such as optimizing industrial structure, attracting high-skilled talent, and fostering the integration of the digital economy with traditional industries. The findings serve as foundational data for establishing balanced regional development and sustainable growth strategies for the KIBS industry in China.

Varieties of National Protectionism: Essays on Firm Entry, Adaptive Regulation, and Technology Differences During Global Shocks

Cardoso do Amaral, Afonso S.B Carnegie Mellon University ProQuest Dissertations 2024 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation explores different varieties of national protectionism. With a focus on European Member-States and their different crisis-related policies to address the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, I explore different ways European nations implemented to ensure access to critical supplies and protect their social and economic welfare. I employ a mixed-methods approach in the works presented in this dissertation. On the one hand, I have performed 116 interviews in the European markets of mechanical ventilators and COVID-19 vaccines to national and international policymakers and regulators, incumbent firms and adjacent industry related institutions, as well as new entrants. On the other hand, I build econometric models to estimate the impact of US isolationary measures in EU supply chains of affected products. I start Chapter 1 by performing a comparative analysis between Portugal and Spain in how each country was able to adapt the European establish regulation and boost domestic firm entry in the mechanical ventilator market. In this first Chapter, I find that Spanish regulatory measures were more effective, resulting in 12 times more new products receiving regulatory approval to enter its domestic market. Although neither country is known for their mechanical ventilator production, instrumental in informing the Spanish regulatory and industrial responses was their internal knowledge base due to domestic experts and existing capabilities in ventilator production. I conclude this chapter by proposing new theory for how nations might identify important core competencies to enhance their dynamic (regulatory) capabilities in areas likely to be critical to their social welfare. In the second Chapter, I explore the potential roles of central versus decentralized institutions in dynamic adaptation (here, of regulation of new market entrants) to address sudden spikes in demand for technologically complex, safety-critical products. I conduct a comparative case study of European Member-States' adaptation of new market entrants regulation in mechanical ventilators versus vaccines. I leverage insights from 77 semi-structured interviews with experts from industry, healthcare workers, regulators, non-profit organizations, and research centers across four European Countries (Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, and Germany) and European central institutions. Our results allow us to unpack the symbiotic role of central and local (country-specific) institutions in rapidly adapting and implementing regulation to support new entrants, thereby helping the domestic industry ramp up its production to address product shortages during a global pandemic. Specifically, our results suggest that centralized adaptations to market entry established regulations supported a level playing field for all European firms while decentralized (country-specific) market surveillance supported each Member-state's competent authorities to adjust their policies to the respective internal context. I conclude by proposing new theory on how nations' use of centralized versus decentralized institutions should depend on the speed of response, the technological complexity of the product, and the distributions of expertise and activity. In the third chapter, I look at the reaction of European buyers to a policy implemented by the United States to ensure critical products from its domestic industry. I explore whether there were lasting impacts on EU medical products' supply chains from one particular US protectionist policy: priority-rated contracts during the COVID pandemic. I show these heterogeneous impacts on EU supply chains by monitoring the share of imports by suppliers' country-of-origin using European official trade data. I employ a Difference-in-Differences approach to estimate the impact of such contracts on EU trade patterns. I find that once terminated, the US share of total EU imports decreases, on average, by 17.8% for affected products, shifting largely to China. In commodity-like products, where price competition dominates buyer decision-making, these effects seem to be negative and lasting. However, that same trend was not observed for Mechanical ventilators: once the policy is lifted, the EU increases its reliance on the US, on average, by 19%. For these technologically complex differentiated products competition revolves not only around cost, but also quality and performance. Due to the unique conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, we are able to observe such distinct market dynamics, but these heterogeneous buyers' reactions to trade shocks might also be pertinent in other contexts, particularly for export-dependent economies.

Belize's industrial policies in the context of its World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM) commitments : a legal analysis

OGUNJOBI, Olabanji Samuel KDI School of Public Policy and Management 2020 국내석사

With the slowing economic growth after the 2008 global recession, countries are struggling to energize their respective economies to boost growth and create more employment opportunities for their Citizens. As such, countries are taking a second look at various industrial policies to help restructure their respective economies. Belize, a small developing country in Central America with economic and political ties to the Caribbean, must expand its supply capacity to sustain its economy. Achieving this requires a robust institutional response through an industrial strategy aimed at strengthening the competitiveness of Belize’s economy. In this paper, we examine Belize’s existing industrial policies by conducting a legal analysis of its three investment incentive programs in relation to its WTO commitment. We identified the inconsistency in the three programmes with the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM), and observed the corrective measure undertaken by the government. Further, we identified possible flexibilities that Belize could take advantage of, while also suggesting a long-term industrial strategy that ensures an economy-wide competitiveness.

中国华中、华东地区经济发展特征比较 研究 : 以政府政策影响为中心

손돈석 경희대학교 경영대학원 2025 국내석사

This paper examines the impact mechanisms of China's industrial policies on local economic development in Central and Eastern China, with a focus on analyzing the interactions between local governments and enterprises. As China's economy enters a phase of high-quality development, industrial policies have increasingly become important tools for promoting regional economic coordination and optimizing industrial structures. Local governments not only formulate and implement policies but also actively guide corporate strategies through fiscal support, tax incentives, and resource allocation, shaping distinctive industrial development paths. Enterprises, as subjects of policy responses, adjust their investment, innovation, and development strategies based on policy signals, driving local economic transformation and upgrading while achieving their own growth. This study employs a literature review and case analysis approach, selecting cities such as Wuhan, Changsha, and Zhengzhou as typical cases to systematically analyze policy design, implementation pathways, and policy outcomes. Based on qualitative analysis, construct empirical models to quantitatively examine the relationship between policies, corporate behavior, and economic performance. Research findings indicate that the efficiency of interactions between government and enterprises is closely related to the precision and transparency of policy implementation; policy outcomes exhibit significant differences across regions due to variations in resource endowments and governance capabilities. Based on the research findings, this paper proposes optimization suggestions for improving industrial policy formulation processes, enhancing communication mechanisms between governments and enterprises, and increasing policy transparency, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for China's local governments.

지역산업진흥사업 거버넌스 네트워크 연구 : 대구 밀라노프로젝트와 광주 광산업프로젝트 사례 : Daegu milano project (textile industrial promotion project) and Gwangju photonics industrial promotion project

최경희 서울대학교 행정대학원 2009 국내박사